Weekly: The Best of New Scientist in 2024: From Volcanic Diamonds to Immortal Brains
Dec 27, 2024
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In this discussion, journalist Linda Rodriguez-McRobbie shares her insights on the dual nature of screen time and the groundbreaking research at Yale involving the reanimation of pig brains, sparking debate about life, death, and consciousness. Thomas Lewton reveals astonishing physics theories, including a chilling notion that quantum fluctuations could lead to the universe's disappearance. The idea of quantum consciousness resurfaces, intertwining cutting-edge research with age-old philosophical questions, making for a thought-provoking conversation.
The discovery of gold hydrogen presents a potential groundbreaking energy source with vast underground deposits that may enhance sustainability efforts.
The genomic analysis of Thorin the Neanderthal reveals that isolation and lack of social networks likely contributed to the species' extinction.
Deep dives
The Promise of Gold Hydrogen
Gold hydrogen has emerged as a fascinating potential energy source that could revolutionize how we harness hydrogen fuel. Unlike green or blue hydrogen that relies on energy inputs for its production, gold hydrogen is theorized to exist naturally underground, formed over geological time. Recent studies suggest there may be vast deposits of this hydrogen, particularly highlighted by discoveries in regions like Mali and Oman, where researchers have reported bubbling hydrogen emanating from the ground. While the energy implications are profound, determining the economic viability and extraction methods remains to be seen.
Unlocking Neanderthal Mysteries with Thorin
The excavation of the Neanderthal skeleton named Thorin is shedding light on the possible reasons for the Neanderthals' extinction. Dating back approximately 50,000 years, Thorin's genomic analysis revealed a significant degree of isolation from other Neanderthals, suggesting that his lineage diverged much earlier and didn’t interbreed with other groups. This isolation likely hindered their ability to adapt and survive as modern Homo sapiens spread across Europe, possibly leading to their extinction. The findings emphasize the importance of social networks in species survival, highlighting how cultural connections could have given humans an edge.
The Science of Tinnitus and Hidden Hearing Loss
Tinnitus, often perceived as a mere nuisance, is linked to a form of hidden hearing loss that affects many adults, characterized by phantom sounds like ringing or buzzing. New findings indicate that this condition arises when certain nerve fibers suffer damage, producing these sounds as a compensatory response from the brain to its lack of expected auditory input. Understanding this connection opens the door to potential new treatments not just for tinnitus, but also for broader forms of deafness. This evolving perspective challenges traditional assumptions about the nature of tinnitus and its underlying causes.
Reversing Death: Cutting-Edge Brain Research
Recent advancements in neuroscience have provoked discussions about reversing death, notably a study in which researchers managed to restore some cellular function to pig brains after they were separated from their bodies. Using a special machine that mimics dialysis, they were able to preserve brain activity despite the absence of blood and oxygen for an extended period. This technology raises profound ethical questions about consciousness and the definition of death, revealing that individuals classified as dead by today's standards may not forever remain so in the future. While this research is still in its infancy, it reveals vast possibilities for medical resuscitation and our understanding of brain function.
Looking back at some of the best stories New Scientist has published in 2024, this episode is a treasure trove of knowledge that will serve you well over the holiday season. Rowan Hooper hosts a panel of New Scientist journalists, as they take it in turn to highlight their favourite moments from the year.
Head of features Josh Howgego kicks off by looking at the race to find an amazing and strange form of hydrogen, known as ‘gold hydrogen’ - a game-changer for sustainability which may be more abundant than we first realised. He also discusses the mystery of kimberlites, supersonic volcanoes that spew diamonds which went extinct millions of years ago.
Alison George takes on the story of Thorin the neanderthal, whose remains are shedding light on how the ancient species died out - and surprisingly, it may not have been our fault. She also explores the new science of tinnitus and how it might help us cure hearing loss one day.
Thomas Lewton looks at some mad physics stories from the year, including an unnerving idea that a quantum fluctuation involving the Higgs boson could cause the universe to vanish at any moment. They also explore an old theory that quantum effects explain consciousness, which has been revived thanks to new research into anaesthetics and brain organoids.
And Linda Rodriguez-McRobbie throws some nuance into the discussion about screen-time, something often blamed for the current youth mental health crisis - and why it might not be all bad. She also explains how researchers this year were able to reanimate a pig’s brain, four hours after it was separated from its body, upending our concept of death.