Isabel Moreira, "Balthild of Francia: Anglo-Saxon Slave, Merovingian Queen, and Abolitionist Saint" (Oxford UP, 2024)
Mar 3, 2025
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Isabel Moreira, a Distinguished Professor of History at the University of Utah, discusses the extraordinary life of Balthild of Francia, an Anglo-Saxon slave turned Merovingian queen. Balthild's journey from captivity to power is remarkable, featuring her advocacy for social reforms and efforts against slavery. Moreira highlights Balthild's political savvy as a queen regent and examines her evolving legacy, transforming into an icon of the abolitionist movement. Their conversation illuminates the complexities of her reign and enduring impact on discussions about slavery and women's roles in history.
Balthild of Francia transitioned from slavery to becoming a regent queen, implementing social reforms that improved the rights of enslaved individuals.
Her legacy transformed over time, as she became an icon of anti-slavery activism, symbolizing the ongoing fight against human trafficking.
Deep dives
The Rise of Balthild Francia
Balthild Francia, originally born as a slave, ascended to become the Queen of France in the 7th century and played a pivotal role in social reforms. Her early life remains obscure, but it is likely that she was brought to Francia as a young slave, eventually becoming a cup bearer in the household of the mayor of the palace, Erchenaud. Through her marriage to King Clovis II, she secured power and influence, bearing three sons. Upon Clovis's death, she took on the role of queen regent, successfully navigating the complex political landscape and gaining respect from the nobles and bishops who surrounded her.
Social Reforms and Abolition Efforts
During her reign, Balthild implemented significant reforms, particularly focusing on the rights and welfare of enslaved individuals. She actively prohibited the trafficking of Christian slaves within her kingdom and provided rescues for trafficked women through her convent establishments. Balthild's policies were informed by her former status as a slave and her deep empathy towards vulnerable populations. The extent of her influence was amplified through her collaborative efforts with prominent religious figures, such as Bishop Eligius, who were also dedicated to the cause of freeing slaves.
Life in the Convent and Legacy
After her political career, Balthild entered a convent at Shell, which she had founded, marking a significant transition in her life. Over 15 years in the convent, she retained her status and the reverence of her contemporaries, eventually taking on the nun’s veil shortly before her death. This period allowed her to continue her legacy of charity and social reform, fostering a community for the women she had rescued. Her impactful initiatives in the convent helped carve out a narrative that would eventually lead to her veneration as a saint.
Balthild's Modern Cultural Significance
In contemporary times, Balthild's legacy has evolved into a symbol of abolition, largely due to the erection of her statue in the Luxembourg Gardens during the 19th century. The statue depicts her holding a book inscribed with the abolition of slavery, framing her as an icon of anti-slavery activism. This reinterpretation of her life highlights how historical figures can be recontextualized over time to align with modern values and movements. Balthild's story serves not only as a historical account but also as a continuous reminder of the long-standing fight against slavery and the advocacy for human rights.
This book tells the remarkable life of Balthild of Francia (c. 633-80), a seventh-century Anglo-Saxon slave who became a queen of France. Described in contemporary sources as beautiful and intelligent, she rose to power through her marriage to the short-lived King Clovis II. As regent for her young son, she promoted social and political reforms in Francia that included the rescue and rehousing of Christian slaves who, like Balthild herself, had been caught up in the human-trafficking practices of the mid-seventh century.
Implicated in the violent politics of the era, Balthild spent the remainder of her life in the convent of Chelles where a unique cache of surviving relics and personal items, including her hair, were protected and dispersed as relics over the following centuries. In the nineteenth century, Balthild's anti-slave trade policies were recalled for new audiences when she was adopted as an icon for the cause of the abolition of the slave trade and installed as one of the twenty illustrious women whose statues are situated in the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris.
Although critical to her age, because of the remote time period and the specialized nature of the sources, Balthild is little known today.Balthild of Francia: Anglo-Saxon Slave, Merovingian Queen, and Abolitionist Saint (Oxford UP, 2024) will correct this oversight by shining a light on a fascinating and courageous figure whose legacy long outlived the era to which she belonged.