Primary Care Perspectives: Episode 89 - Managing Food Allergies in Children
Oct 29, 2020
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Dr. Jonathan Spergel, Chief of Allergy Program at CHOP, dives deep into managing food allergies in children. He highlights the top nine food allergens and shares insights on safely introducing potential allergens to young ones. The conversation covers when to seek allergy testing and the significance of different tests. Additionally, Dr. Spergel discusses exciting advancements in immunotherapy and strategies to help children outgrow these allergies, offering hope and practical advice for families navigating this complex landscape.
The podcast emphasizes the importance of introducing common food allergens early, particularly for high-risk children, to reduce allergy development.
Advancements in immunotherapy, including peanut oral immunotherapy, offer new hope for managing food allergies and reducing severe allergic reactions.
Deep dives
Prevalence and Common Allergen Identification
Food allergies affect approximately 2% to 8% of the population, though public perception often overestimates this figure. The podcast emphasizes the distinction between true food allergies and other food-related irritations, noting that many misunderstandings arise, especially with messy eaters like infants. It outlines the most common allergens, which now include a 'top nine': milk, egg, soy, wheat, peanut, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, and sesame. The addition of sesame seeds underscores the shifting landscape of food allergies as diets evolve.
The Importance of Early Food Introduction
Research supports the early introduction of common allergens, such as peanuts and eggs, during infancy, particularly for high-risk children. The LEAP trial indicated that consuming peanut protein early significantly reduces the risk of developing a peanut allergy. Current guidelines suggest introducing these foods around five to six months of age, abandoning previous recommendations that advised delaying introduction. Establishing a developmental readiness to try new foods is crucial for success in these introductions.
Emerging Treatments and Future Directions
Exciting advancements in food allergy treatments, such as peanut oral immunotherapy, are being explored to help patients reduce their allergic responses. This method involves consuming peanut products under supervision to gradually desensitize the body. Other treatments in development include epikcutaneous immunotherapy and biologics aimed at lowering IgE levels, which may further mitigate allergic reactions. The collaborative research and advancements in this field provide families with hope that the severity of life-threatening reactions can be decreased.