The Ontological Argument: Christian and Agnostic Dialogue (Joe Schmid and Gavin Ortlund)
Jan 27, 2025
auto_awesome
Gavin Ortlund, President of Truth Unites and theologian, teams up with Joe Schmid, a Princeton PhD student and philosopher. They delve deep into the ontological argument, revealing its historical journey from Anselm to modern thinkers. The dialogue examines the tension between existence and conceptual greatness using whimsical superheroes as a backdrop. They also tackle the complexities of divine attributes like justice and mercy, questioning whether God's essence can be reasoned. The conversation is rich with insights for both believers and skeptics.
The ontological argument posits that the existence of a supremely perfect being entails its reality beyond mere conception, sparking deep philosophical inquiry.
Modal ontological arguments expand the discussion by introducing necessity and possibility, arguing that a necessarily existent God must exist in all possible worlds.
Critiques highlight parody arguments illustrating absurdities in inferring existence from definitions, necessitating a robust defense of the ontological argument's validity.
Deep dives
Understanding the Ontological Argument
The ontological argument, particularly articulated by Anselm, is positioned as an a priori argument for the existence of God. It suggests that the conception of a being than which nothing greater can be thought entails its existence in reality, as existing in reality is a greater attribute than existing solely in the mind. This line of reasoning opens a philosophical inquiry into the nature of existence itself and provokes deep reflection on key concepts such as being, possibility, and necessity, which are central to philosophical inquiry. Both proponents and critics of the ontological argument provide insights that illuminate its complexity, showcasing its historical resilience within philosophical discourse.
Modal Ontological Arguments
Modal ontological arguments, developed by philosophers like Alvin Plantinga, introduce the concepts of metaphysical possibility and necessity into the ontological discussion, positing that if God exists, He must exist necessarily. The argument operates on the premise that a necessarily existent being cannot merely be possible; if God is possible, then He must exist in all possible worlds. This version circumvents some objections faced by Anselm's original argument, allowing for more nuanced philosophical debates on existence and necessity. By examining the nature of these modal arguments, we engage with key distinctions about what is possible or impossible concerning God’s existence.
Critiques and Parody Arguments
Critiques of both the traditional and modal ontological arguments often focus on parody arguments, which illustrate the potential absurdities of inferring existence from mere definition. These parodies suggest that if one can argue for God's existence using these methods, then similar claims can be made for absurd entities, like the most perfect island or fictional characters. Supporters of the ontological argument contend that the uniqueness of the concept of God, as a being with necessary existence, separates it from such parodies. This discussion highlights the need for a robust philosophical defense against parody objections in order to maintain the validity of the ontological argument.
Philosophical Implications and Historical Context
Throughout history, the ontological argument has sparked extensive philosophical inquiry and debate, evidenced by its evolution and the range of interpretations by thinkers over the centuries. From Anselm's initial articulation to the contemporary modal arguments, the discourse highlights varying philosophical positions on existence, necessity, and the nature of God. Critics, such as Kant, have leveraged significant objections, challenging the coherence of necessary existence and fostering an enduring scholarly conversation. This rich historical context emphasizes the argument's resilience and its capacity to stimulate profound philosophical reflection.
The Role of Attributes in Understanding God
In discussing God's attributes, a critical dialogue emerges about whether qualities such as justice, mercy, and knowledge can exist in an ultimate form within an ontological framework. The balance of these attributes raises questions about the nature of God's perfection and whether each can reach an intrinsic maximum. Proponents argue that the analogy of greatness is unique to God, while critics point to the challenges presented by applying such comparisons to finite beings. This exploration of attributes ultimately sheds light on the broader philosophical exploration of defining a maximally great being.
Gavin Ortlund and Joe Schmid discuss the ontological argument. Originally hosted at Unbelievable.
See the original video: https://youtu.be/sqRoiSD1VcQ?si=Pr1hLGGAhfstYNE4
See Joe's channel: https://www.youtube.com/@MajestyofReason
Truth Unites exists to promote gospel assurance through theological depth.
Gavin Ortlund (PhD, Fuller Theological Seminary) is President of Truth Unites and Theologian-in-Residence at Immanuel Nashville.