Jennifer Burns, a Stanford history professor and author of biographies on Milton Friedman and Ayn Rand, dives deep into their legacies. She reflects on Friedman's complex evolution from academic to public intellectual, influenced by personal relationships, especially with his wife, Rose. The discussion also covers Ayn Rand's portrayal of women in fiction, her writing prowess, and the challenges faced by early female economists. Finally, Burns critiques the current state of intellectualism in American conservatism and the disparities between left and right in valuing fiction.
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question_answer ANECDOTE
Initial Focus on Friedman
Jennifer Burns initially focused on Milton Friedman's public persona.
She later became more interested in his economic theories and their development.
insights INSIGHT
Friedman's Early Work
Milton Friedman's early work in math and statistics helped shape the field of economics.
He later rejected this approach, finding it intellectually unsatisfying.
question_answer ANECDOTE
Friedman's Statistical Contributions
Friedman developed statistical techniques while working with large datasets during the Great Depression and World War II.
One such technique, the "super colossal test," aided the U.S. military in testing munitions.
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In 'Two Lucky People', Milton and Rose Friedman provide a lively account of their lives, including their personal and professional experiences, interactions with world leaders, and contributions to economic thought. The book offers insights into their intellectual journey and the evolution of economic ideas during the 20th century.
A positive program for laissez faire
Henry Calvert Simons
In 'A Positive Program for Laissez Faire,' Henry C. Simons presents a comprehensive argument for maintaining economic freedom by establishing conditions that minimize state intervention. He advocates for eliminating monopolies, reforming the monetary system, and promoting equity through taxation. The work is a significant contribution to the debate on economic policy during the Great Depression.
Roofs or Ceilings
George Stigler
Milton Friedman
We the living
Ayn Rand
Published in 1936, 'We the Living' is Ayn Rand's first novel and is set in Soviet Russia. The story revolves around three main characters: Kira Argounova, a fiercely independent young woman; Leo Kovalensky, the man she loves who is marked as an enemy of the state due to his bourgeois origins; and Andrei Taganov, an officer of the Soviet Secret police. The novel critiques the collectivist state and its impact on individual lives, highlighting themes of personal freedom, individualism, and the sanctity of human life. Rand's work is a powerful commentary on the oppressive nature of totalitarian regimes and the human spirit's struggle for survival and self-determination under such conditions.
The Fountainhead
Ayn Rand
Published in 1943, 'The Fountainhead' by Ayn Rand tells the story of Howard Roark, a young and innovative architect who refuses to compromise his artistic vision despite the opposition from society. The novel explores themes of individualism, egoism, and the conflict between those who think for themselves (the 'first-handers') and those who follow the opinions of others (the 'second-handers'). It also delves into the lives of other characters such as Dominique Francon, Peter Keating, Ellsworth Toohey, and Gail Wynand, each representing different aspects of Rand's philosophical ideas. The book is a defense of egoism and individualism, presenting a radical rethinking of basic moral concepts and challenging conventional notions of selfishness and altruism[2][3][5].
Atlas Shrugged
Ayn Rand
Published in 1957, 'Atlas Shrugged' is Ayn Rand's magnum opus and her longest novel. The story is set in a dystopian United States where increasingly burdensome laws and regulations strangle innovation and productivity. The plot follows Dagny Taggart, a railroad executive, and Hank Rearden, a steel magnate, as they struggle against 'looters' who exploit their work. A mysterious figure named John Galt leads a strike of productive individuals, persuading them to abandon their companies and disappear. The novel culminates with Galt's three-hour radio speech explaining his philosophy of Objectivism, which emphasizes rational self-interest, individual rights, and the importance of the human mind. The book explores themes of capitalism, property rights, and the failures of governmental coercion, presenting a provocative vision of a society in collapse and the potential for a new capitalist society based on Galt's principles.
A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960
Anna J. Schwartz
Milton Friedman
This book, written by Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz, is a landmark work in economic history. It argues that changes in the money supply profoundly influenced the U.S. economy, particularly during significant economic events such as the Great Depression. The authors criticize the Federal Reserve for its handling of monetary policy, especially during the Great Depression, and emphasize the importance of steady control of the money supply in managing economic fluctuations. The book also discusses the role of the gold standard, the impact of bank failures, and the decision-making processes within the Federal Reserve[2][3][4].
Goddess of the Market
Ayn Rand and the American Right
Jennifer Burns
Milton Friedman, The Last Conservative
Jennifer Burns
Jennifer Burns is a professor of history at Stanford who works at the intersection of intellectual, political, and cultural history. She’s written two biographies Tyler highly recommends: her 2009 book, Goddess of the Market: Ayn Rand and the American Right and her latest, Milton Friedman: The Last Conservative, provides a nuanced look into the influential economist and public intellectual.
Tyler and Jennifer start by discussing how her new portrait of Friedman caused her to reassess him, his lasting impact in statistics, whether he was too dogmatic, his shift from academic to public intellectual, the problem with Two Lucky People, what Friedman’s courtship of Rose Friedman was like, how Milton’s family influenced him, why Friedman opposed Hayek’s courtesy appointment at the University of Chicago, Friedman’s attitudes toward friendship, his relationship to fiction and the arts, and the prospects for his intellectual legacy. Next, they discuss Jennifer’s previous work on Ayn Rand, including whether Rand was a good screenwriter, which is the best of her novels, what to make of the sex scenes in Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead, how Rand and Mises got along, and why there’s so few successful businesswomen depicted in American fiction. They also delve into why fiction seems so much more important for the American left than it is for the right, what’s driving the decline of the American conservative intellectual condition, what she will do next, and more.
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