
New Books in Big Ideas Graham Harman, "Waves and Stones: The Continuous and the Discontinuous in Human Thought" (Allen Lane, 2025)
Dec 15, 2025
Graham Harman, a leading philosopher known for his work on object-oriented ontology, delves into the continuous versus discrete in reality. He discusses how concepts from evolution, like Darwinian gradualism, reveal the complex nature of change. Harman explores the tension between quantum theory and general relativity, highlighting wave-particle duality. He also connects historical perspectives, from Aristotle to modern debates in science and religion, illustrating how these themes permeate every facet of human thought.
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A Universal Philosophical Paradox
- The continuous vs. discrete conflict appears across every discipline from biology to physics to politics.
- Graham Harman argues both are irreducible and must be addressed together, not reduced to one another.
Evolution Isn’t Purely Gradual
- Punctuated equilibrium challenges strict Darwinian gradualism by highlighting long stability and sudden speciation events.
- Harman uses island isolation and snapping shrimp examples to show speciation can occur in sudden leaps.
Physics Mirrors The Same Tension
- Quantum theory treats nature as discrete jumps while general relativity models continuous spacetime curvature.
- Their incompatibility, evident in black holes, motivates debates over quantizing gravity or finding an interface between frameworks.

