"Science Vs" discusses the controversial theory that the coronavirus was made in a lab. Guests, including microbiologist Professor Benhur Lee, debunk this theory using genetics and explain the difficulty of creating a virus from scratch. They explore the origins of the virus and discuss the involvement of animals like bats and pangolins. Plus, they dive into the clever mating strategies of pugnose tree frogs in Panama.
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Quick takeaways
Genetic analysis of COVID-19 reveals that it is not a previously known or engineered form, debunking the theory of lab creation.
Scientists are actively searching for the animal source of COVID-19, with bats and pangolins being the main suspects.
Deep dives
The Origins of COVID-19: Lab-Made or Natural
Scientists are investigating whether COVID-19 originated in a Chinese laboratory or if it came from nature. While 30% of Americans believe the virus was made in a lab, scientific evidence suggests otherwise. Genetic analysis of the virus's genome compared to known coronaviruses reveals that it did not match any existing or engineered viruses. Scientists explain that building a virus from scratch is extremely difficult and requires a starting point from nature. Furthermore, the presence of a suboptimal poly basic cleavage site indicates that if the virus was engineered, it was done poorly. The most likely source of COVID-19 is believed to be animals, with bats and pangolins being the primary suspects. Scientists continue their search for the exact source, but acknowledge that zoonotic spillovers, where a virus jumps from animals to humans, are a common occurrence.
The Role of Genetics in Investigating COVID-19 Origins
Scientists have used genetic analysis to investigate the source of COVID-19. By comparing the virus's genetic code to known viruses, they can determine if it matches any existing strains. However, no exact match has been found, indicating that the virus is not a previously known or engineered form. This analysis also debunked the theory that the virus was created in a lab, as it lacks the precision and deliberate design that would be expected. The presence of a suboptimal poly basic cleavage site suggests a random and imperfect natural mutation rather than intentional engineering. Overall, genetic evidence supports the theory that COVID-19 originated from animals and underwent zoonotic spillover to humans.
The Search for the Animal Source of COVID-19
Scientists are actively searching for the animal source of COVID-19, with bats and pangolins being the main focus. Bats have been known to carry various strains of coronaviruses, and a study found almost 100 different coronaviruses in them. While the exact virus responsible for COVID-19 has not been found in bats yet, scientists acknowledge that more extensive testing is needed. Another possibility is pangolins, as one virus found in these scaly animals shares similarities with COVID-19. However, scientists stress that identifying the exact source is challenging, as zoonotic virus transmissions can involve multiple animal species. The search for the origins of COVID-19 continues, with evidence pointing towards natural spillover from animals rather than laboratory manipulation.
Since the outbreak started, we’ve been hearing that this coronavirus came from bats before jumping to humans. But recently, claims that the virus escaped from a lab have been getting a lot of attention. So did it? Is there an evil scientist behind all of this? To find out, we talk to microbiologist Professor Benhur Lee, Christian Stevens, and virologist Dr. Oscar MacLean. Also: FROGS!!
UPDATE 4/27/20: An earlier version of this episode played a quote from a politician saying that China has only one biosafety level 4 lab. This is incorrect, and the episode has been updated.
Here’s a link to our transcript: https://bit.ly/3eWnFNE
This episode was produced by Wendy Zukerman and Rose Rimler, with help from Meryl Horn, Michelle Dang, Sinduja Srinivasan and Laura Morris. We’re edited by Blythe Terrell and Caitlin Kenney. Fact checking by Diane Kelly. Mix and sound design by Peter Leonard. Music written by Peter Leonard, Marcus Bagala, Emma Munger, and Bobby Lord. A big thanks to all the researchers we got in touch with for this episode, including Dr. Kirsty Short, Dr. Ximena Bernal, Henry Legett, Dr. Muhamed Amin, and Professor Kristian Andersen. And special thanks to the Zukerman family and Joseph Lavelle Wilson.