Bananapocalypse: Plantation Southeast Asia and Its Many Afterlives
Oct 6, 2024
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In this engaging discussion, Dr. Alyssa Paredes, an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan, dives into the intricate world of Southeast Asia's banana plantations. She reveals the historical and socio-economic challenges faced by local communities, highlighting labor exploitation and environmental degradation. Dr. Paredes also explores the intersection of agriculture and capitalism, emphasizing indigenous struggles for land rights and the need for sustainable practices. Her insights illuminate the complex ties between commodification, colonialism, and multi-species relationships.
Southeast Asia's plantation agriculture is integral to global supply chains, illustrating the disconnection between production responsibilities and corporate profits.
The complexities of land rights and environmental degradation highlight the need for innovative advocacy approaches that integrate both concerns.
Deep dives
The Significance of Plantations in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia plays a crucial role in global plantation agriculture, with significant production of natural rubber, palm oil, and coconuts. This region has a rich history of plantation systems that have been deeply intertwined with social dynamics for over 150 years. Various countries in the region demonstrate differing degrees of agricultural development, with Indonesia and Malaysia leading in well-established industries while others, such as Laos and Cambodia, are just beginning to develop plantation economies. This historical context has generated extensive research about the effects of industrial agriculture on social life and has led to critical examinations of land rights and the economic relationships between plantations and surrounding communities.
Revisiting Supply Chain Dynamics
Current scholarship on global commodity chains often emphasizes the interconnectedness of production and consumption across different geographical spaces. However, new perspectives challenge this idea by focusing on disconnection and externalization, especially within agricultural contexts like the Philippine banana industry. Historically, strategies of corporations have shifted from vertical integration, in which a company owns all aspects of production, to vertical disintegration, where costs and responsibilities are externalized to small landholders. This change highlights a broader trend in which multinational corporations profit without holding ownership or accountability over the production processes, thus illustrating the complexities of supply chain capitalism.
Land and Environmental Struggles
The intertwined issues of environmental degradation and land rights in Southeast Asia reveal critical tensions within social movements. While industrial agriculture contributes to substantial environmental harm, including pollution and loss of biodiversity, efforts to reclaim land for local communities can lead to unexpected outcomes. Notably, struggles for environmental protections and land reform do not always align, sometimes resulting in conflicts over priorities and goals. This complexity emphasizes the need for innovative approaches to advocacy, which integrate both environmental and land rights concerns while navigating the historical and political contexts that define these struggles.
Integrating Multispecies Perspectives
Recent scholarship has highlighted the importance of integrating multispecies perspectives into Southeast Asian studies, revealing how human activities intersect with the lives of other species. This approach enriches understanding by considering the relationships between agricultural practices, commodities—like bananas—and the ecosystems they affect. Scholars have drawn parallels between social histories in Southeast Asia and the Black Atlantic, uncovering historical connections between race, colonialism, and the shaping of social identities. By bridging these fields, researchers can expand the discussions around personhood, property, and the socio-political dimensions of land use in the region, fostering a deeper comprehension of local and global interdependencies.
This episode focuses on a cluster of issues of longstanding significance in Southeast Asia and in Southeast Asian Studies – plantation agriculture, global commodity chains or supply chains, exploitation of labour and environmental degradation, and resistance. To discuss these issues, we are joined by Dr. Alyssa Paredes, an environmental and economic anthropologist who is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Michigan.
Dr. Paredes received her PhD in Anthropology (with distinction) from Yale University in 2020. Her work has been published in a variety of journals, including Antipode, Ethnos,Gastronomica, and the Journal of Political Ecology. She is a contributor to the edited volume Multispecies Justice and the Feral Atlas website, and she is co-editor of Halo-Halo Ecologies: The Emergent Environments Behind Filipino Food, forthcoming with the University of Hawai’i Press in April 2025. She is currently working on a book manuscript provisionally titled Bananapocalypse: Plantation Capitalism from Philippine Mindanao, which traces the afterlives of externalities in the making and unmaking of an industrial agricultural crop, drawing on approaches from such fields as anthropology, science and technology studies, human geography, and critical food studies.