Delve into the power of a single vote and its potential to influence election outcomes. Explore the importance of being informed and the challenges that come with making a decision at the polls. Discover arguments against voting, including the risks of choosing the wrong candidate and the effort required for adequate political knowledge. Learn about alternative ways to make an impact, like donating to campaigns or driving voter turnout, and understand the broader implications that elected officials have on society and governance.
The probability of a single vote influencing an election is quite low, yet its potential impact on substantial government spending is significant.
Investing effort in personal outreach to encourage others to vote can greatly amplify the effectiveness of individual voting efforts in competitive districts.
Deep dives
Impact of Individual Votes
The probability of a single vote influencing the outcome of an election is small but not negligible. In competitive districts, the chances can range from one in three million to one in ten million, depending on various factors, including the political climate and state of polling. Even though this probability is low, the potential impact of voting can be significant, especially considering the vast amounts of government spending that are at stake. A single vote in such circumstances could influence millions of dollars in federal budget allocations, thus demonstrating that every vote has potential value.
Value of Election Outcomes
The significance of which candidate wins an election can be enormous, as it affects government actions regarding taxation, spending, and various non-budgetary impacts such as foreign policy and social freedoms. Analyzing U.S. federal spending shows that every vote could play a role in deciding how approximately $17.6 trillion is allocated over a four-year term. This includes substantial non-budgetary impacts, which can surpass the monetary implications of governmental choices, influencing everything from healthcare research to civil rights issues. The overall outcome of elections can profoundly shape long-term societal dynamics, making the distinctions between candidates crucial.
Considerations for Voting Effort
Casting a vote may seem like a small effort given its potential impact, but the time needed to research candidates and understand ballot measures can considerably increase the cost of voting. For individuals who are already engaged in high-impact work, dedicating time to understand complex political issues might divert effort better spent on pressing challenges. Consequently, the opportunity cost of voting can be high if the research consumes significant time, highlighting the need to weigh personal skills and contexts against the value derived from informed voting decisions. It could be more beneficial for some to prioritize their expertise in effective altruism over political engagement.
Influence of Personal Appeals
Encouraging others to vote can amplify the effects of individual voting efforts, with personal appeals being significantly more effective than generic outreach methods. Research suggests that engaging personal communication can increase a friend's likelihood to vote by up to ten percentage points, making personal connections a valuable tool in elections. By mobilizing friends and family in competitive districts, individuals can exponentially increase the potential impact on election outcomes. Therefore, reaching out to encourage others to participate in voting not only increases turnout but also enhances the overall effect of each individual's vote.
The chances of your vote changing an election’s outcome.
How much better some candidates are for the world as a whole, compared to others.
He then discusses a couple of the best arguments against voting in important elections, namely:
If an election is competitive, that means other people disagree about which option is better, and you’re at some risk of voting for the worse candidate by mistake.
While voting itself doesn’t take long, knowing enough to accurately pick which candidate is better for the world actually does take substantial effort — effort that could be better allocated elsewhere.
Finally, Rob covers the impact of donating to campaigns or working to "get out the vote," which can be effective ways to generate additional votes for your preferred candidate.
We last released this article in October 2020, but we think it largely still stands up today.
Chapters:
Rob's intro (00:00:00)
Introduction (00:01:12)
What's coming up (00:02:35)
The probability of one vote changing an election (00:03:58)
How much does it matter who wins? (00:09:29)
What if you’re wrong? (00:16:38)
Is deciding how to vote too much effort? (00:21:47)
How much does it cost to drive one extra vote? (00:25:13)
Overall, is it altruistic to vote? (00:29:38)
Rob's outro (00:31:19)
Producer: Keiran Harris
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