The Music of World War II and the Holocaust with "Time's Echo" writer Jeremy Eichler (Part 1)
Sep 28, 2023
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Guest Jeremy Eichler, writer of Time's Echo, discusses four composers' reactions to World War II and the Holocaust. Topics include the historical symbiosis between Germans and German Jews, Mendelssohn's role in German music, Schoenberg's Survivor from Warsaw, and the fascinating premiere of the piece in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Schoenberg's Survivor from Warsaw premiered in an unexpected location with cowboys singing in the chorus, garnering national media attention and signaling newfound appreciation for his atonal music.
Audiences finally began to understand and appreciate Schoenberg's atonal music as a powerful language to describe the horrors of the Holocaust, allowing Survivor from Warsaw to be hailed as a profound musical memorial.
Deep dives
Premiere of Schoenberg's Survivor from Warsaw
Schoenberg's Survivor from Warsaw had a surprising premiere in an unexpected location. Originally commissioned by Serge Koussevitzky, the piece found itself without a premiere in Boston. However, Austrian Jewish violinist and conductor Kurt Frederick, now living in Albuquerque, New Mexico, offered to perform the piece with his community orchestra. The premiere took place in a university gymnasium in 1948, with cowboys singing in the chorus. The event garnered national media attention, with Schoenberg hoping it signaled a newfound appreciation for his atonal music.
Understanding Atonal Music in the Context of the Holocaust
Audiences began to appreciate Schoenberg's atonal music, such as Survivor from Warsaw, as a language to describe the horrors of the Holocaust. The dissonance and unconventional tonality of his music finally resonated with an audience that realized it could communicate the profound dissonance of modern life and the tragic events of World War II. This newfound understanding allowed Survivor from Warsaw to be hailed as a powerful musical memorial to the Holocaust.
Listening to Music in Light of Historical Context
The book delves into the idea of listening to music not only through the lens of historical events but also considering the context in which the music was written. It challenges the notion of backshadowing, or interpreting the past through the prism of the present. It argues that while music should be appreciated within its historical context, it should also be seen as sparks of hope in the past, carrying the not yet being of ideals. Music can remind us of earlier dreams and serve as a carrier of meaning and integrity.
Exploring the Connection Between Music and Memory
The book examines the profound connection between music and memory. It highlights the role of music as an unconscious chronicle, as described by Theodor W. Adorno. Music has the power to bear witness to history, carry memory, and transmit wordless truths. It delves into the ways in which music, particularly in the works of composers like Schoenberg, Shostakovich, Strauss, and Britten, responds to and commemorates historical events such as World War II and the Holocaust. It explores how music serves as a medium for capturing the social and cultural shifts that occurred during this period.
I had the great pleasure and honor this week(and next week) to speak with the author of the new book Time's Echo Jeremy Eichler. The book chronicles four composers and their varied reactions to World War II and the Holocaust, including Schoenberg, Strauss, Shostakovich, and Britten. This week we talked about the historical symbiosis between Germans and German Jews, the concept of Bildung, a central idea in German culture throughout the 19th and early 20th century, Mendelssohn's role in creating a sense of "German" music, Schoenberg's remarkable prescience about what lay in the future after the Nazis took power in Germany, his remarkable Survivor from Warsaw, the first major musical memorial to the Holocaust, and the almost hard to believe it's so wild story of the premiere of the piece. This is truly one of my favorite books about classical music that I've ever read, so I highly recommend picking it up. I hope you enjoy this interview as much as I did!
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