Ep 23: Whose psychology is it anyway? Making psychological research more representative
Jan 21, 2021
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Bobby Cheon, an Assistant Professor at Nanyang Technological University, examines race and culture in psychology, while Steven O. Roberts from Stanford focuses on racial inequality in research. They discuss the dominance of WEIRD participants in studies and its implications for understanding diverse populations. The conversation highlights biases in research titles and calls for more inclusive practices in publication. Cheon and Roberts advocate for greater diversity among authors and editors to enhance the validity and generalizability of psychological findings.
Psychological research predominantly relies on Western participants, leading to generalizability issues that overlook diverse cultural contexts in understanding behavior.
The editorial bias in psychology journals, with a lack of racial diversity among editors, contributes to the marginalization of essential discussions on race and representation.
Deep dives
Implicit Bias in Research Sampling
Psychological research often relies heavily on participants from Western, industrialized societies, which skews findings and creates a perception of white American participants as the standard. Studies indicate that a staggering 94% of participant groups in major psychology journals come from Western countries, with 58% exclusively from the United States. This lack of diversity can lead to significant gaps in understanding human behavior, as over 72% of research abstracts fail to contextualize participant backgrounds. Consequently, this bias towards defaulting to American participants may influence how findings are viewed in terms of their relevance and generalizability across different cultures.
Editorial Control and Racial Underrepresentation
The overwhelming majority of editorial positions in psychology journals are held by white individuals, which further contributes to the marginalization of racial topics within the research landscape. A study found that between 1974 and 2018, cognitive psychology journals published a mere fraction of articles addressing race, with white editors publishing significantly fewer studies on racial issues than their non-white counterparts. This editorial bias suggests that those in power may inadvertently prioritize certain topics while neglecting critical discussions surrounding race and representation. As a result, the underrepresentation of diverse voices in both research and editorial processes perpetuates existing disparities within the discipline.
Recommendations for Inclusive Research Practices
To address these issues, experts recommend implementing concrete strategies aimed at increasing diversity in psychological research. Journals should establish guidelines that require reviewers to consider the implications of sample demographics on the generalizability of findings, particularly in studies involving non-Western participants. Additionally, researchers are encouraged to collaborate across institutions to access a broader range of participant backgrounds, which can enrich the understanding of psychological phenomena. By fostering transparency and promoting an explicit focus on diversity within research, psychology can evolve to better reflect the diverse experiences of all individuals.
This is Episode 23 of PsychCrunch, the podcast from the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest.
In this episode, Emily Reynolds, staff writer at Research Digest, explores modern psychology’s relationship with race and representation. It’s well-known that psychology has a generalisability problem, with studies overwhelmingly using so-called “WEIRD” participants: those who are Western and educated and from industrialised, rich and democratic societies. But how does that shape the assumptions we make about participants of different racial identities or cultures? And how can top-tier psychology journals improve diversity among not only participants but also authors and editors?
Our guests, in order of appearance, are Dr Bobby Cheon, Assistant Professor at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, and Dr Steven O. Roberts, Assistant Professor of Psychology at Stanford University.
Episode credits: Presented and produced by Emily Reynolds. Script edits by Matthew Warren. Mixing and editing by Jeff Knowler. PsychCrunch theme music by Catherine Loveday and Jeff Knowler. Art work by Tim Grimshaw.