Transitioning away from fossil fuels at COP 28

The global stock take at COP 28 resulted in a historic agreement to transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems, aiming for net zero emissions by 2050. This marked the inclusion of all fossil fuels, not just coal, in the transition language. However, the lack of concrete targets and the need for countries to incorporate these actions in their future policies remain uncertain, depending on political risks and the outcomes of elections. The implementation of the transition away from fossil fuels will vary among countries, particularly in light of differing national circumstances and the responsibilities of developed nations versus developing ones.