The Emergence of Cybernetics and Dynamic Systems

Cybernetics, which emerged during World War II, explored the modeling and control of dynamic systems such as missiles and aircraft. Norbert Wiener, a major figure in cybernetics, developed models to monitor and control the real-time dynamics of these systems. The insights gained from cybernetics allowed for a new way of thinking about living things and how they interact with their environment. The field of study became an interdisciplinary movement, bringing together various disciplines to explore the dynamics of systems. This new understanding of dynamics laid the groundwork for second order cybernetics, which considered how systems learn from and adapt to their environment.