Augusto Pinochet, the former Chilean dictator known for his brutal regime, details his unexpected rise to power after the 1973 coup. John Bartlett, Mark Ensalaco, and Peter Kornbluh provide critical insights into the political turmoil of the time. They discuss the stark clash between Pinochet's conservative military stance and Salvador Allende's socialist reforms, highlighting U.S. involvement in the destabilization of Chile. The podcast captures the intense personal and political drama surrounding Pinochet's dramatic arrest in London decades later.
Augusto Pinochet's rise to power was facilitated by a military coup against Salvador Allende, fueled by U.S. intervention and economic turmoil.
Pinochet's arrest in London in 1998 signified a pivotal moment in the pursuit of accountability for his regime's human rights violations.
Deep dives
The Arrest of Augusto Pinochet
General Augusto Pinochet, the former dictator of Chile, was arrested in London on October 15, 1998, while recovering from back surgery at a private hospital. This arrest stemmed from a warrant issued by a Spanish judge for crimes against humanity, including genocide and kidnapping. The police officers who entered his room had to navigate the presence of Pinochet's bodyguards before waking him to deliver the news of his arrest. This moment marked a significant turning point as it appeared that after 25 years, Pinochet might finally face accountability for his actions during his time in power.
Pinochet's Rise to Power
Augusto Pinochet rose to power in Chile following a military coup in September 1973 that overthrew President Salvador Allende. Initially perceived as an average soldier, Pinochet's capabilities became evident through his military career, gaining respect from superiors while adhering strictly to military discipline. His appointment as commander of the Santiago garrison by Allende—whom he secretly opposed—highlighted a complex relationship between the newly elected socialist regime and the military. With tensions rising in Chile due to Allende's leftist policies and the military's growing dissatisfaction, Pinochet ultimately positioned himself for a swift takeover.
U.S. Involvement in Chilean Politics
The U.S. government, particularly under President Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, actively sought to prevent Allende's administration from succeeding, fearing the spread of communism in Latin America. They implemented covert operations and financial pressures to destabilize Allende's government and undermine his reform efforts. Notably, a plot to kidnap a constitutional loyalist in the military, René Schneider, was disastrous but ultimately aimed at blocking Allende's presidency. This U.S. intervention set the stage for the political chaos that allowed Pinochet to rise further in military ranks.
The Cultivation of Chaos
As Allende's presidency progressed, the economy faced significant turmoil, exacerbated by U.S. interference designed to make the economy 'scream.' Allende's ambitious reforms, including nationalizing industries and implementing social programs, initially garnered support but soon led to widespread discontent among different social classes. Strikes, protests, and increased military involvement intensified, creating an environment ripe for a coup. Pinochet, who had played a cautious role during earlier attempts at military uprisings, ultimately solidified his position of power, which culminated in the successful coup d'état on September 11, 1973.
We travel to South America. In September 1973, Augusto Pinochet seizes power in Chile following a coup d’état. The aim is to topple the country’s socialist president. And it succeeds. But how does Pinochet - a seemingly unremarkable army man - come to lead the notorious uprising? And after that, how do he and his wife consolidate power, remaining in post for 17 long and bloody years?
A Noiser production, written by Sean Coleman.
Many thanks to John Bartlett, Mark Ensalaco, Peter Kornbluh.
This is Part 1 of 3.
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