The Economic and Political History Podcast

A New History of Inequality | Daniel Waldenström with Javier Mejia

Oct 18, 2024
Daniel Waldenström, a leading economist from Sweden, shares insights from his book 'Richer and More Equal'. He reveals a surprising historical narrative that since the late 1800s, the middle class has significantly expanded its wealth share, challenging the idea that capitalism equals inequality. Waldenström argues for tax and social policies that uplift the bottom and middle tiers of society, rather than penalizing entrepreneurs. Together with economist Javier Mejia, they critically evaluate how emotional perceptions of inequality can distort public opinion, especially in sensitive regions like Latin America.
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ANECDOTE

Shift to Inequality

  • Daniel Waldenström's interest in inequality began at UCLA, inspired by Emmanuel Saez's work and the rising attention on the topic.
  • He shifted his focus from financial history to inequality, recognizing its real-world impact and the lack of research in Scandinavia.
INSIGHT

Scandinavian Paradox

  • Working on inequality in Scandinavia presents a paradox: promoting welfare state abroad, while advocating for private sector growth at home.
  • Waldenström observes that the political left prioritizes inequality but is fact-resistant, while the right disregards the issue.
INSIGHT

Old Narrative of Inequality

  • The 'old narrative' of inequality emphasizes shocks to capital (wars, taxes) as the primary drivers of equalization in the 20th century, followed by a policy reversal causing a resurgence of inequality.
  • This narrative posits that unfettered capitalism inherently leads to rising inequality.
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