From the Vault: The Glorious Hermit Crab, Part 3

In 'The Panda's Thumb,' Stephen Jay Gould presents a collection of essays that delve into the peculiarities of evolutionary design, natural history, and the cultural context of science. The book includes discussions on the panda's 'thumb,' which is not a true thumb but an adaptation of the radial sesamoid bone, illustrating the imperfect yet functional nature of evolutionary developments. Gould also explores topics such as the Piltdown Man hoax, Down syndrome, the relationship between dinosaurs and birds, and the concept of punctuated equilibrium. His essays challenge traditional narratives of evolution and highlight the importance of understanding evolution as an imperfect, often arbitrary process driven by environmental pressures, genetic variations, and chance.

Aelian's "On the Nature of Animals" is a fascinating collection of natural history anecdotes and myths from the ancient world. Written in the 2nd or 3rd century CE, the book offers a glimpse into the understanding of animals during that period. Aelian's work includes a mix of factual observations and fantastical tales, reflecting the blend of scientific curiosity and mythological beliefs of the time. The book covers a wide range of animals, from common creatures to more exotic ones, providing a rich tapestry of ancient knowledge and beliefs about the natural world. Its blend of fact and fiction makes it a valuable source for understanding the cultural context of ancient natural history.