BONUS: The Stakes of Immigration with Aaron Reichlin-Melnick
Apr 9, 2024
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Immigration expert Aaron Reichlin-Melnick discusses immigration policies under Trump vs. Biden, asylum system status, challenges in legal immigration, border policies' impact on crossings, and diplomatic hurdles in U.S.-Mexico relations. The conversation dives into legal immigration complexities, bipartisan efforts to update border legislation, and the interconnection between legal immigration policies and border issues.
Trump administration focused on restrictionism in reshaping legal immigration policies towards early 20th-century ideals.
Efforts to deter border crossings under Trump, such as family separation and asylum agreements, faced challenges and criticism.
Biden administration lifted some Trump-era immigration policies, anticipating changes in border crossings as Title 42 enforcement ends.
Deep dives
Trump Administration's Focus on Restricting Legal Immigration
The Trump administration's approach to legal immigration was characterized by a focus on restrictionism. They aimed to reshape the legal immigration system to resemble the early 20th-century system, with an emphasis on preferring immigrants from Europe or educated individuals. Measures like the Muslim ban, health insurance requirements for immigration, and bans on diversity visas resulted in a significant reduction in legal immigration during the Trump administration's term.
Trump Administration's Border Policies and Challenges
At the border, the Trump administration implemented deterrence-based policies like family separation and asylum cooperative agreements. Efforts such as zero tolerance and remain in Mexico aimed to reduce asylum seekers at the border, but faced criticism and challenges. Despite using various strategies to deter border crossings, including Title 42 during the pandemic, border apprehensions continued to rise, reaching 15 to 20-year highs even at the end of Trump's term.
Biden Administration's Border Approach and Policy Changes
Upon taking office, the Biden administration lifted several Trump-era policies like the third-party agreements and 'remain in Mexico.' While maintaining Title 42, the administration's messaging urged migrants not to come. The revocation of certain policies did not have a significant immediate impact due to the ongoing enforcement of Title 42. As Title 42 eventually comes to an end, there is anticipation of changes in border crossings and repeaters seeking asylum.
Impact of Harsher Consequences on Family Crossings
The imposition of long-term multi-year bans on reentry and criminal prosecutions has resulted in more families crossing the US-Mexico border. Families are less likely to subject their children to multiple border crossings, leading to an increase in family entries. As a consequence of ending Title 42, more family crossings have been observed as parents and children are vulnerable to deterrent-based policies. This shift in demographics has seen a rise in migrants from countries like Venezuela and Cuba.
Biden Administration's Efforts on Border Immigration and Legal Immigration
The Biden administration's actions on border immigration include reaching an agreement with Mexico in October 2022 to expel Venezuelans, Cubans, Haitians, and Nicaraguans under Title 42. The CHN v. parole program was established to manage migration flows through shared responsibilities, with Mexico agreeing to accept deportees in exchange for humanitarian parole recipients. Furthermore, the discussion also delves into the Biden administration's focus on legal immigration, highlighting efforts to address backlogs and increase accessibility while recognizing the interconnectedness of border and legal immigration challenges.
As a bonus for listeners, we’re sharing the first episode of a special series from “Why Is This Happening? The Chris Hayes Podcast,” called “WITHpod 2024: The Stakes.” For the first time since 1892, we have an election in which both candidates have presidential records. It’s a unique chance to take a hard look at what both Joe Biden and Donald Trump have actually done as president. Chris Hayes talks to experts about both candidates’ records on specific policy areas. This week, Aaron Reichlin-Melnick, policy director at the American Immigration Council, joins to unpack immigration policies under Trump vs. Biden, the state of the asylum system, and more. Follow and listen to the whole series: https://link.chtbl.com/withpod_tsfd
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