
 The World
 The World Trump confirms CIA operations in Venezuela
 Oct 16, 2025 
 Phil Gunson, a Senior Analyst with the International Crisis Group, analyzes President Trump’s confirmation of CIA operations in Venezuela and the potential for a land attack, explaining the local public’s fear and confusion. Journalist Paul Salopek, a National Geographic Explorer, shares insights from his Out of Eden Walk and highlights the struggles of Shishmaref’s Inupiaq community, facing threats from climate change and the complexities of relocation. Both discussions reveal deep geopolitical and environmental challenges. 
 AI Snips 
 Chapters 
 Books 
 Transcript 
 Episode notes 
U.S. Covert Action Signals Political Pressure
- President Trump publicly confirmed he authorized CIA operations in Venezuela and mentioned considering a land attack.
- Phil Gunson notes this rhetoric may be more political pressure than a credible plan without military commitment.
Venezuelan Public Split Over U.S. Posturing
- Venezuelans show mixed reactions: some hope intervention will remove Maduro, others fear reprisal or instability.
- Gunson says most are confused and wondering what concrete action the U.S. will take next.
Bluffing Often Strengthens Targeted Regimes
- Maduro's government appears convinced Trump is bluffing and expects to ride out threats.
- Gunson argues external pressure often pushes regimes to consolidate rather than collapse.




