Waiyee Loh, "Empire of Culture: Neo-Victorian Narratives in the Global Creative Economy" (SUNY Press, 2024)
Mar 3, 2025
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Waiyee Loh, an Associate Professor of World Literature at Kanagawa University, discusses her book, revealing how Victorian Britain's legacy shapes global culture today. She explores the commodification of British culture in modern contexts like Japanese Lolita fashion and the collaboration between British and American cultural industries. Loh's insights into trans-imperial relationships highlight the complex dynamics of identity in Singapore and the ongoing impact of colonial histories on contemporary narratives in literature and popular culture.
The commodification of British heritage reveals historical complexities intertwined with governmental policies and market interests since the 19th century.
The interplay between British, American, and Japanese cultural industries illustrates both competition and collaboration in the global creative economy.
Deep dives
The Commodification of British Heritage
The commodification of British heritage has deep historical roots, extending beyond the Thatcher government's policies to earlier practices dating back to the 19th century. The book explains how the British state began defining historic monuments as national properties, which required protection rather than privatization. Thatcher's era marked a significant shift where public institutions were encouraged to operate like private companies, indicating a new approach to heritage management. This transition highlights the complexities involved in commodifying culture and how these processes are intertwined with government policy and commercial interests.
Transnational Heritage Relations
The relationship between British and American heritage is characterized by both competition and collaboration, shaped by a shared cultural history. The book discusses how Americans see British heritage as part of their cultural inheritance due to historical ties, leading to competition in claiming cultural prestige. Notably, the adaptation of A.S. Byatt's novel 'Possession' illustrates how cultural productions enhance British heritage tourism while reflecting underlying tensions. Despite this competition, there is also collaboration within the film and television industry that promotes British heritage abroad, demonstrating a complex interplay of interests.
Cultural Exchange and Japanese Heritage
Japanese popular culture significantly influences both the consumption and production of British heritage, especially among women seeking cultural capital in Japan. The media portrays Japanese women as more adaptable in international settings, which fuels their interest in British culture, framed as a symbol of high quality and prestige. Furthermore, the popularity of Japanese subcultures, like Lolita fashion, offers a more inclusive way for Singaporean women to engage with Victorian aesthetics without the constraints of historical accuracy. This highlights the complex interactions among various cultural identities and the ongoing negotiation of heritage in a global context.
Empire of Culture: Neo-Victorian Narratives in the Global Creative Economy (SUNY Press, 2024) by Dr. Waiyee Loh brings together contemporary representations of Victorian Britain to reveal how the nation's imperial past inheres in the ways post-imperial subjects commodify and consume "culture" in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The globalization of English literature, along with British forms of dress, etiquette, and dining, in the nineteenth century presumed and produced the idea that British culture is a universal standard to which everyone should aspire.
Examining neo-Victorian texts and practices from Britain, the United States, Japan, and Singapore—from A. S. Byatt's novel Possession and its Hollywood film adaptation to Japanese Lolita fashion and the Lady Victorian manga series—Dr. Loh argues that the British heritage industry thrives on the persistence of this idea. Yet this industry also competes and collaborates with the US and Japanese cultural industries, as they, too, engage with the legacy of British universalism to carve out their own empires in a global creative economy. Unique in its scope, Empire of Culture centers Britain's engagements with the US and East Asia to illuminate fresh axes of influence and appropriation, and further bring Victorian studies into contact with various sites of literary and cultural fandom.
This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose new book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars.