
Conversations With Coleman Niall Ferguson: What Happens Next in Iran Will Change the Middle East Forever
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Jan 15, 2026 Niall Ferguson, a leading historian and senior fellow at Stanford's Hoover Institution, joins the discussion to dissect the current wave of protests in Iran. He highlights the unprecedented shift from economic grievances to open calls for regime change. Ferguson examines the regime's crisis of legitimacy and the implications of international sanctions. He delves into how America's past foreign policies and Trump’s unpredictable approach impact the situation. Additionally, they explore the potential outcomes for Iran and the region amidst rising tensions.
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From Price Shock To Regime Delegitimization
- Iran's protests began with economic collapse but quickly became a direct legitimacy crisis against Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.
- Protesters now explicitly call for overthrowing the regime, not just economic fixes.
Foreign Policy Failures Intensified Unrest
- Foreign-policy failures worsened domestic unrest after backing Hamas and failing to retaliate effectively against Israel.
- Military setbacks and strikes inside Iran amplified public anger at regime priorities.
Sanctions Are Necessary But Insufficient
- Sanctions alone rarely topple regimes but can restrict funds for proxies like Hamas and Hezbollah.
- Combined measures, including tacit military support, increase pressure more than sanctions by themselves.




