

Your Review: Project Xanadu - The Internet That Might Have Been
Sep 26, 2025
Explore Vannevar Bush's visionary concept of the Memex, a revolutionary mechanized library ahead of its time. Dive into Doug Engelbart's famous 1968 demo showcasing hypermedia and collaboration tools. Discover Ted Nelson’s ambitious Project Xanadu and the philosophical debates around hypertext. Uncover why the World Wide Web triumphed over Xanadu despite its richer features, and examine what the Web missed. Finally, contemplate Xanadu's legacy and the quirks of its prolonged development journey.
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Memex Predicted Mind-Shaped Libraries
- Vannevar Bush in 1945 predicted a personal mechanized library (Memex) that mimicked human associative thought.
- He argued publication outpaced our ability to navigate and needed association-based retrieval, not rigid indexing.
Engelbart's Mother Of All Demos
- Doug Engelbart discovered Bush's Memex idea after wartime service and later built NLS to realize many Memex features.
- His 1968 "mother of all demos" showcased the mouse, hypertext, collaborative editing, and more.
Nelson's Project Xanadu Origin Story
- Ted Nelson read computing in 1960 and launched Project Xanadu to make hypertext for writers and thinkers.
- He coined 'hypertext' and imagined hyperlinks that embed targets so readers see source context inline.