The Foreign Desk Explainer 488: Why has Australia signed a defence treaty with Papua New Guinea?
Oct 8, 2025
The discussion kicks off with a look at Papua New Guinea's independence and its historical ties to Australia. The recent mutual defence treaty, described as the 'Pukpuk Treaty' due to its crocodile symbolism, highlights significant strategic benefits for both nations. While Papua New Guinea's military might is limited, the treaty is crucial for its security and raises Australia's regional influence amidst China's growing presence. Historical contexts, such as World War II, set the stage for understanding the treaty's importance in today’s geopolitical climate.
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The 1975 Independence Moment
- In 1975 Papua New Guinea gained independence from Australia after a gradual decolonisation process.
- Gough Whitlam called PNG's independence a defining moment for both nations and Australia's role in the region.
Albanese's Birthday Visit Mishap
- Anthony Albanese visited Port Moresby for PNG's 50th anniversary and offered funding for Parliament House.
- Albanese initially failed to sign the mutual defence treaty because PNG ministers hadn't convened during the celebrations.
Pukpuk Treaty Symbolism
- The Papua New Guinea–Australia Mutual Defence Treaty (Pukpuk Treaty) formalises defence ties and regional symbolism.
- PNG framed the pact with crocodile imagery to stress its supposed bite and preparedness.