The Salem witch trials LSD theory and the fascinating evolution of mummification in ancient Egypt
Oct 18, 2023
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Guest researcher, an expert on the Salem witch trials, debunks the LSD theory and discusses the true causes of the hysteria. The podcast also explores the science behind ancient Egyptian mummification, emphasizing the controversy around their display today.
The Salem witch trials were not caused by LSD from a fungus, but rather by the credulity of magistrates and the influence of influential figures like Reverend Cotton Mather.
The ancient Egyptian mummification process involved removing organs, drying the body with natron, and applying embalming materials to create a preserved and idealized version of the deceased in the afterlife.
Deep dives
The Salem Witch Trials and Claims of Ergot Poisoning
The late 17th century saw the Salem Witch Trials in Salem, Massachusetts, where several people were accused of practicing witchcraft. This bizarre instance attracted attention due to the unusual nature of the accusations and the subsequent executions. There is a theory that the girls who initiated these accusations may have consumed bread made with rye grain contaminated by a fungus called ergot, which resulted in hallucinations and sensations. However, this theory is highly unlikely, as it cannot explain the extensive number of arrests made across various towns. Credulity of the magistrates, as well as the influence of influential figures like Reverend Cotton Mather, played a significant role in the trials.
The History and Science of Mummification in Ancient Egypt
The practice of mummification in ancient Egypt was a way to preserve the body for the afterlife. Mummies were carefully prepared, and the process evolved over thousands of years. Different embalming houses had different recipes, depending on the person's wealth and personal preferences. The mummification process involved removing the internal organs, drying the body with natron, filling it with sawdust or other materials to maintain shape, and applying various embalming materials to preserve the body and create a water-resistant seal. Mummies were often adorned with fake eyes, false hair, and makeup to present an idealized version of the deceased in the afterlife.
Protecting Endangered Condors from Bird Flu
Biologists in Arizona faced the challenge of protecting the endangered California condor population from bird flu. The condors were getting sick from the flu, leading to a decline in their numbers. Scientists worked to develop a bird flu vaccine for condors and faced challenges in implementing the vaccination program. The process involved identifying infected condors, ensuring the safety of the vaccine, and finding ways to administer it to the wild population. This effort highlighted the complexities and importance of protecting endangered species from infectious diseases.
Happy spooky season, Tiny Matters listeners! In today’s episode, Sam and Deboki tackle two Halloween themed topics: The Salem witch trials and mummies.
In 1692 and 1693 a series of hearings and trials took place in Salem, Massachusetts, leading to 19 people being executed, marking the last executions for witchcraft in the United States. Sam and Deboki speak with a researcher who has spent over a decade piecing together what did and probably did not happen during this time, helping unpack a popular (and highly flawed) theory that LSD from a fungus caused the Salem witch trials. She also offers up the more likely forces behind the hysteria.
Sam and Deboki then travel back thousands of years to ancient Egypt and delve into the science behind mummification — from the 'grand experimentation' of the Old Kingdom mummies to the 'ideal' mummies of the 18th and 21st dynasties that look like they could wake up at any moment. Mummies were an integral part of the ancient Egyptian belief in divine transformation after death, but today there’s contention surrounding how they should be treated and if they should even be displayed for viewing.
Links to the Tiny Show & Tell stories are here and here. Pick up a Tiny Matters mug here! All Tiny Matters transcripts are available here.
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