American History Tellers The Mayflower | The First Thanksgiving | 3
Nov 19, 2025
The harsh winter of 1620-21 devastated Plymouth Colony, with illness claiming many lives and the Mayflower doubling as a hospital. Fear of Native attacks gripped the settlers, prompting defensive measures. The arrival of Samoset, who spoke English, marked a turning point, followed by Squanto's consequential return. A formal peace treaty with Massasoit was negotiated, leading to alliances that proved vital for survival. The successful autumn harvest led to a celebratory feast with Native allies, though tension grew with new arrivals and internal conflicts.
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Winter Nearly Destroyed The Colony
- The Pilgrims' first winter saw disease, cold, and halted construction decimate their numbers and capacity.
- Only a handful remained to care for the sick and maintain basic survival tasks, leaving the colony vulnerable.
Samoset's Unexpected English Greeting
- Samoset walked into Plymouth speaking English and greeted the colonists, surprising them with direct contact.
- He informed them they'd settled on Pawtuxet and that Massasoit had sent him as an emissary.
Wampanoag Calculated Alliance Motives
- Massasoit watched the weakened Pilgrims and weighed strategic choices after a devastating epidemic.
- He saw alliance with the English as a possible counterweight to the Narragansett threat despite mistrust.