The Geopolitical Context at the Dawn of Islam

The geopolitical landscape of the 6th and early 7th centuries significantly shaped the emergence of Islam, as both the Roman and Sasanian Empires were embroiled in internal conflicts and weakened by wars and disease. The period saw growing religious and ideological divides within these empires, resulting in resentment among various groups, including Jews and aligned sects within Christianity. Amidst this unrest, Arabia previously occupied a peripheral position but witnessed unification among its tribes, culminating in a significant shift brought about by the teachings of Muhammad. This unification and the subsequent rise of Islam occurred while both empires were distracted by their struggles for survival, allowing the newly united Arab forces to spread their influence rapidly.