The Scale of Life (or were dinosaurs just too big?)
Nov 29, 2023
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Dr Susie Maidment, Dr Tori Herridge, and Dave Gorman discuss the advantages and disadvantages of large vs small organisms. They explore the evolution of size and extinction events, debunk misconceptions about dinosaur speed, talk about biases and challenges in finding dinosaur fossils, and delve into theories about the extinction of dinosaurs and 1970s fascination with giant creatures.
Size is fundamental to an organism's biology, impacting factors like food sources, lifespan, and living space.
Carnivorous dinosaurs evolved larger body sizes as a defense mechanism against predators.
Deep dives
The Scale of Life: From Small Organisms to Dinosaurs
The podcast episode explores the scale of life, discussing why some organisms are large while others are small. The panelists, including a paleontologist, an evolutionary biologist, and a comedian, share their insights and examples of astonishing fossils. They mention the stem tetrapod, a fish with limbs from 450 million years ago, highlighting the importance of limbs for early land exploration. The discussion covers the advantages and disadvantages of being big or small, and how size impacts an organism's biology, habitat, diet, and evolution.
The Largest Animals and the Smallest Animals
The panelists discuss the largest terrestrial animals, such as Thai-tannosaurian dinosaurs weighing 60 tons, and blue whales, while exploring the smallest mammals and birds, like bumblebee bats and bee-hummingbirds. They highlight the significance of body size and its relation to an organism's biology, lifespan, growth rate, environmental adaptations, and the constraints posed by the laws of physics and metabolism. The discussion also touches upon the effects of mass extinctions and the impact of humans and climate change on the size of animal populations.
Why Some Organisms Get Big
The podcast delves into the evolutionary perspective of why some organisms become big. The panelists discuss how size is fundamental to an organism's biology, affecting factors like food sources, lifespan, reproduction, and living space. They also mention the theory of optimal body size and how a variety of factors, such as the environment, predator-prey dynamics, and resource availability, influence an organism's size. The panelists highlight that size is determined by various ecological rules and adaptations driven by natural selection.
Evolutionary History and Limitations on Size
The panelists explore the evolutionary history of size variation in animals, specifically focusing on dinosaurs. They discuss how carnivorous dinosaurs evolved defense mechanisms to deter predators, which led to larger body sizes as a means of protection. The discussion also covers the limitations and challenges associated with growing bigger, including the constraints imposed by bone strength, metabolism, respiration, and adaptations required for sustained growth. They highlight that the Earth's history, environmental conditions, and evolutionary processes shape the size variation observed in different animal species.
Brian and Robin are joined by palaeontologist Dr Susie Maidment, evolutionary biologist Dr Tori Herridge and comedian Dave Gorman to pitch giant creatures against tiny creatures in their bid to avoid extinction. They explore the scale of life and ask why some organisms are large and some small and what the optimum size for successful survival is. From the prokaryotic cell to the grandest dinosaur, how does the modern synthesis explain the huge variation in scale, form and function? What are the advantages and disadvantages to being huge like the dinosaurs, or was it their size that really did them in, in the end?
New episodes released Wednesdays. If you're in the UK, listen to the newest episodes of The Infinite Monkey Cage first on BBC Sounds: bbc.in/3K3JzyF
Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem
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