Everyday Architecture in Context: Public Markets in Hong Kong (1842-1981) (Chinese U of Hong Kong Press, 2023)
Aug 1, 2024
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Dr. Carmen C. M. Tsui, an architect and urban historian from Lingnan University, discusses her book on the historical significance of Hong Kong's public markets from 1842 to 1981. She examines how these everyday structures mirror the city’s evolving socio-political landscape. The conversation dives into the impact of government policies on market vendors, the gender dynamics that favored male traders, and the architectural shifts prompted by health crises. Tsui reveals how markets serve as a microcosm of urban history and community life.
Public markets in Hong Kong illustrate the city's socio-political evolution and response to changing needs from 1842 to 1981.
The architectural transition of these markets from classical to modernist styles highlights the influence of public health and urban identity over time.
Deep dives
The Role of Public Markets in Urban Development
Public markets serve as significant fixtures in urban spaces, embodying the history and evolution of cities. In Hong Kong, the establishment of public markets began in the 1840s as a response to the influx of migrants, aiming to regulate street hawking and improve sanitation. These markets transitioned from makeshift hawker pitches to structured market halls, reflecting the colony's growth and governance. By examining the architectural changes over the years, public markets reveal insights into the socio-political dynamics and economic transformations of Hong Kong.
Transformation and Architectural Style
The architectural evolution of public markets in Hong Kong showcases a shift from classical designs to modernist styles. Initially, the British colonial government utilized classical architecture for public buildings; however, post-World War II, modernist influences began to prevail, driven by the Public Works Department's adoption of reinforced concrete. This shift not only enhanced the markets' functionality but also aimed to improve sanitary conditions amidst public health crises like the bubonic plague. The adoption of streamlined modern designs made these markets more accessible and efficient, yet they also became symbols of urban identity.
Market Dynamics and Social Implications
Public markets in Hong Kong not only facilitated commerce but also handled societal needs, influencing gender dynamics and food policies. With a disproportionate gender ratio during the early colonial period, men dominated market stalls while women gradually engaged in the shopping process as family roles evolved. The government’s monopoly on food sales in these markets was intended to ensure food quality but led to complications such as inflated prices for consumers. Such dynamics illustrate how public markets functioned within broader socio-economic frameworks, impacting daily life and food accessibility.
Challenges Faced by Public Markets Today
Modern public markets in Hong Kong face numerous challenges, primarily stemming from competition with supermarkets and changing consumer habits. The government’s shift towards multi-purpose municipal buildings has led to a decline in standalone public markets and increased vacancy rates. Additionally, societal trends reveal a waning interest in the market vendor lifestyle among younger generations, raising concerns about the future of these cultural landmarks. The interview with vendors highlighted fears of lost heritage, suggesting a need for adaptive strategies to preserve the significance of public markets in contemporary urban life.
How do public markets, as ordinary as they seem, carry the weight of a city’s history? How do such everyday buildings reflect a city’s changing political, social, and economic needs, through their yearslong transformations in forms, functions, and management?
Today’s book is: Everyday Architecture in Context: Public Markets in Hong Kong, 1842-1981(Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2023), by Dr. Carmen C. M. Tsui. Integrating architecture and history, the book invites readers to go through the growth and governance of colonial Hong Kong by tracing the past and present of public markets as a study of extensive first-hand historical materials. Readers witness the changes in Hong Kong markets from hawker pitches to classical market halls to clean modernist municipal complexes. This book offers a new perspective of understanding the familiar everyday markets with historical contexts possibly unfamiliar to most, studying markets as a microcosm of the city and a capsule of its history.
Our guest is: Dr. Carmen C. M. Tsui, who is an architect and urban historian. She is an associate professor in the Department of History at Lingnan University, HKSAR. She obtained her Ph.D. in Architecture from the University of California, Berkeley, with a specialization in the history of architecture and urbanism.
Our host is: Dr. Christina Gessler, the producer of the Academic Life podcast. She holds a PhD in history, which she uses to explore what stories we tell (and why) and what happens to those we never tell.
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