Explore the emergence of civilization in Mesopotamia, including the development of farming and settlement, the geography and landscape transformation, and the birthplace of civilization in the ancient city of Airedu. Compare the development of civilization in Mesopotamia and Egypt, and discover the conditions and environments that led to the development of civilizations during the Ubaid period.
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Quick takeaways
Eridu, one of the first cities in the world, served as the source of kingship and the core of Mesopotamian civilization.
Contrary to popular belief, large-scale irrigation was not the main catalyst for civilization in Mesopotamia, but rather the wetlands and marshes near the rivers.
Deep dives
The Emergence of Eridu
Eridu, located in Mesopotamia, was one of the first cities in the world. It emerged around 5,800 years ago and became a thriving center with a temple complex at its core. Eridu was seen as the source of kingship, where the gods had originated and where the core institutions of civilization were believed to have begun.
The Ubaid Period and Diversity
The Ubaid period, which preceded the rise of civilization, was characterized by diverse ways of life in Mesopotamia. It included farming communities, marsh dwellers, and pastoralists. Their settlements and practices varied across the region, but Eridu served as a meeting point for these different groups.
The Importance of Irrigation
Contrary to popular belief, large-scale irrigation was not the main catalyst for the emergence of civilization in Mesopotamia. Early canals were small and maintained by local communities, and the earliest states did not arise in areas with extensive irrigation. Instead, civilization development centered around the wetlands and marshes near the rivers, where different resources and interactions made new ways of life possible.
The Antiquity of Eridu
Eridu had a long history, with the oldest building at the site dating back to 4900 BC. It was a focal point of worship and a place of great significance to the Mesopotamian civilization. Eridu's impact extended far beyond its time as a city, as it remained an anchor and cultural reference for the people of Mesopotamia for thousands of years.
Civilization first emerged in the fertile floodplains of Mesopotamia - present-day Iraq - with priest-kings and cities full of temples and ziggurats, pictographs and cuneiform writing. But what were the conditions and processes that led up to this complex of developments? How and why did it happen, and why there?
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