Energy Gang Can we add dozens of giant new data centers to the electricity grid? New research says yes – if we embrace load flexibility.
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May 13, 2025 
Tyler Norris, a PhD student and James B. Duke Fellow at Duke University, dives into his groundbreaking research on integrating new data centers into the U.S. electricity grid. He reveals that the grid could handle an astonishing 98 gigawatts of additional load with proper flexibility, challenging the perception of power system rigidity. The conversation covers practical applications of load flexibility, real-world adoption strategies for data centers, and the critical role of advanced technologies like virtual power plants in optimizing energy management.
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Massive Grid Headroom for Flexible Loads
- The US power system has significant headroom outside peak hours typically caused by extreme weather.
- New flexible loads, curtailed only 0.25% of the time, could add up to 76 gigawatts without overloading the grid.
Data Center Utilization Offers Flexibility
- Data centers often operate at around 50% utilization, not near their maximum capacity.
- This utilization gap offers flexibility for load management without compromising reliability.
Plan AI Loads Around Grid Stress
- Embrace flexibility in data center electricity use during grid stress events lasting a few hours.
- Plan AI workloads outside extreme weather periods to avoid blackouts and manage system stress.