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Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) is critiqued for being an asset-only approach that neglects the funding objectives behind investments. Its limitation as a single-period model focuses primarily on one-year capital market assumptions, failing to account for long-term liabilities or goals. Additionally, MPT does not incorporate a robust theoretical basis for constraints, leading to outcomes driven primarily by imposed constraints rather than asset characteristics. This input sensitivity causes a misalignment between theoretical optimal allocations and actual investment scenarios, highlighting the need for more comprehensive models.