C. Raja Mohan, Senior fellow with the Asia Society Policy Institute in New Delhi, discusses how to reengage with the global south and whether the term is relevant today. The podcast explores the resurgence of the global south, power dynamics, the rise of mini-laterals, inequities in financing, and strategies for developing a shared agenda between the North and South.
The concept of the global South is not homogenous, and countries within it have different positions and interests, making it challenging to mobilize as a coherent force.
Engaging with the global South requires a twin process of the West respecting developing countries' sovereignty and negotiating based on shared interests, while the global South takes responsibility for internal reform and focuses on issue-based coalitions for balanced international cooperation.
Deep dives
The Resurgence of the Global South
The concept of the global South has gained prominence due to two recent triggers: the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. These events have magnified resentments within the developing world against the West, as developing countries were greatly affected by the pandemic and took positions not aligned with the West's stance on Ukraine. However, the global South is not homogenous, and countries within it have different positions and interests. The Western world's condescension and hypocrisy, as well as its shrinking relative weight in the global economy, have further fueled the discussions about the global South's importance and the need for better engagement and relations with it.
Challenges and Differentiation Within the Global South
The global South encompasses diverse countries with varying positions and interests. While China and Russia try to use the concept to mobilize and build anti-Western platforms, the global South itself is not a coherent force that can change the world. There are several middle powers in the global South, such as India, Indonesia, and Brazil, that seek greater influence and demand more respect and weight in international institutions. The challenge lies in accommodating these emerging powers within the existing international system and adjusting the hierarchy to match the changing global dynamics.
Rebooting Engagement with the Global South
A better way to engage with the global South involves a twin process. Firstly, the West should follow its interests and negotiate with developing countries based on those interests, respecting their sovereignty. This approach would move away from a sense of superiority, allowing for pragmatic cooperation. The global South also needs to take responsibility and reform itself, reducing corruption and addressing internal issues. Additionally, there is a need for issue-based coalitions and functional cooperation rather than relying on grand designs or trade union-like structures. Practical engagement, equity, and shared agenda building between major powers and developing nations can lead to a more effective and balanced international system.
The “global south” encompasses countries with such varied interests and ideologies that the term may no longer be a useful tool. Yet, if the Western world hopes to counter Russia’s and China’s increasing aggression, rebuilding strong relationships with these countries is more important than ever.
C. Raja Mohan is a senior fellow with the Asia Society Policy Institute in New Delhi. He joins Ravi Agrawal to discuss how to reengage with the global south and whether the term is even still relevant today.
Global Reboot is produced in partnership with the Doha Forum.