Join Dr. Nadja Møbjerg, a Tardigrade researcher from the University of Copenhagen, as she unveils the incredible survival abilities of moss piglets. Discover how these tiny creatures can withstand extreme conditions, from droughts to radiation, hinting at their potential role in space travel and even apocalyptic scenarios. Learn the quirky ways to find them and the irony of their natural enemies. With a history of surviving five mass extinctions, these fascinating micro-animals prove to be masters of resilience and adaptability in a complex world.
Tardigrades demonstrate extraordinary resilience by surviving extreme conditions and adapting through processes like cryptobiosis, halting their metabolism for decades.
Research into tardigrades' survival mechanisms offers potential advancements in human space travel and resilience, including genetic adaptations for radiation protection.
Deep dives
Tardigrades: Resilient Micro Creatures
Tardigrades, also known as moss piglets or water bears, are tiny, resilient creatures that exhibit remarkable survival capabilities. These animals are less than a millimeter in size, possess eight legs, and have complex organ systems, despite being built from only about 1,000 cells. They inhabit various environments, including mosses, lichens, and oceans, showcasing their adaptability in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Notably, their unique appearance and behaviors have led to diverse nicknames and extensive scientific inquiry into their ecological significance.
Survival Strategies: The Tardigrade's Unique Abilities
Tardigrades are renowned for their extraordinary ability to withstand extreme conditions such as dehydration, temperature fluctuations, and even radiation. When faced with drought, tardigrades enter a state known as cryptobiosis, retracting their organs and effectively halting their metabolism, allowing them to survive for decades without water. Scientific studies reveal that they can endure 5,000 grays of radiation, a feat far beyond human capability, due to specific genetic adaptations that repair damaged DNA. Their survival strategies not only pique scientific interest but also hold potential insights for human space exploration and resilience.
Implications for Science and Space Exploration
Research into tardigrades' resilience has led to groundbreaking implications for human biology and space travel. Experiments have shown that when tardigrades experience space conditions, they upregulate genes that enhance DNA repair mechanisms and produce protective substances against radiation. These insights could inform the development of countermeasures for radiation exposure during long-term space missions. Additionally, recent studies have involved implanting tardigrade genes into human cells, suggesting the potential for enhancing human resilience to harsh environments, opening up new avenues for biomedical research.
Listener Vivienne has heard that tardigrades - aka moss piglets - have special powers of survival. Radiation? Drought? Extreme cold? NO PROBLEM. Does that mean they could survive an apocalypse? And could they even help us master space travel!?
Hannah and Dara learn how to find these little moss piggies in roof gutters and garden corners. And they're amazed by their capacity to dry out and hunker down for decades before springing back to life. But calamity strikes when it turns out that fine glass tubing - in the form of pipettes - is their natural predator. And worse is to come: our curious duo learn that there may be some tardigrades stuck on the moon, and one researcher has even fired them out of a gun. All in the name of science.
But they have survived at least 5 mass extinctions so far. So their chances of surviving the next one are pretty good. As long as pipettes aren't involved.
Contributors
Dr James Frederick Fleming: Natural History Museum of Norway and the University of Oslo
Dr Nadja Møbjerg: University of Copenhagen
Dr Thomas Boothby: University of Wyoming
Producer: Ilan Goodman
Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem
A BBC Studios Audio Production
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