Christopher Smith, "Samurai with Telephones: Anachronism in Japanese Literature" (U Michigan Press, 2024)
Oct 18, 2024
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Christopher Smith, author of "Samurai with Telephones," delves into the fascinating use of anachronism in Japanese literature. He explores how samurai can make phone calls in graphic novels and ancient aristocrats can teach in modern classrooms. Smith breaks down two types of anachronisms: those that rewrite history and those that disrupt it. He examines works from various genres, including literature, manga, and Kabuki plays, revealing how these creative choices illuminate and challenge historical narratives across different eras.
Japanese literature employs anachronisms to challenge historical narratives, allowing for new interpretations and playful contrasts between eras.
Monologic and dialogic anachronisms serve distinct functions in representing history, fostering dialogues that critique contemporary societal issues through historical contexts.
Deep dives
Exploring Anachronism in Literature
The discussion centers around how Japanese authors utilize anachronism to interact with historical narratives. This technique allows writers to create engaging contrasts between past and present, thereby opening up new interpretations of history. For instance, the conversation highlights how anachronisms can be playful, such as depicting a historical figure like Yoshitsune using a telephone, which juxtaposes contemporary technology with historical settings. This playful approach serves to undermine conventional representations of history and evokes a dialogue that invites readers to reconsider established narratives.
The Dichotomy of Monologic and Dialogic Anachronisms
Monologic and dialogic anachronisms serve different purposes in historical representation. Monologic anachronisms attempt to present the past as congruent with the present, effectively rewriting history to fit contemporary ideologies. In contrast, dialogic anachronisms celebrate the differences between eras, allowing for a richer dialogue between past and present. Such categorizations help in analyzing works across various genres, providing a framework for understanding how literature engages with history creatively and critically.
Implications of Anachronism for Power Structures
The podcast addresses how anachronisms can challenge established power narratives embedded in historical texts. By injecting modern ideologies into past settings, authors can critique or subvert the legitimacy of political powers and societal structures. An example includes the works of authors like Shirato Sanpei, who employs Marxist themes within historical contexts, thus suggesting that class consciousness has always been present, even in earlier times. This analytical lens invites readers to question the accuracy of historical representations and their connections to contemporary societal issues.
Engaging with History Through Visual Mediums
Visual mediums like manga and anime allow for unique explorations of anachronism through humor and visual juxtaposition. Authors can employ gag anachronisms, where incongruous elements are presented without explanation, inviting immediate engagement and laughter from readers. However, this humorous approach does not diminish the critical implications of such anachronisms; rather, it creates a platform for dialogue between different historical periods. This visual method facilitates richer access to cultural critiques and enriches the understanding of the interplay between history and modernity.
What is going on when a graphic novel has a twelfth-century samurai pick up a telephone to make a call, or a play has an ancient aristocrat teaching in a present-day schoolroom? Rather than regarding such anachronisms as errors, Samurai with Telephones: Anachronism in Japanese Literature(U Michigan Press, 2024) develops a theory of how texts can use different types of anachronisms to challenge or rewrite history, play with history, or open history up to new possibilities. By applying this theoretical framework of anachronism to several Japanese literary and cultural works, author Christopher Smith demonstrates how different texts can use anachronism to open up history for a wide variety of different textual projects.
From the modern period, this volume examines literature by Mori Ōgai and Ōe Kenzaburō, manga by Tezuka Osamu, art by Murakami Takashi, and a variety of other pop cultural works. Turning to the Early Modern period (Edo period, 1600–1868), which produced a literature rich with playful anachronism, he also examines several Kabuki and Bunraku plays, kibyōshi comic books, and gōkan illustrated novels. In analyzing these works, he draws a distinction between anachronisms that attempt to hide their work on history and convincingly rewrite it and those conspicuous anachronisms that highlight and disrupt the construction of historical narratives.