emDOCs.net Emergency Medicine (EM) Podcast Episode 121: Ebola Virus Disease
Jun 2, 2025
Jess Pelletier, Assistant Professor at the University of Missouri, dives into the critical topic of Ebola Virus Disease. He discusses the virus's origins and the current outbreak of the Sudan virus. The conversation covers transmission mechanisms and the complexities of diagnosing EVD, including the need for thorough patient histories. Pelletier also highlights management strategies in emergencies, including supportive care and the use of monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. Safety protocols for healthcare workers are emphasized to ensure effective containment.
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EVD Virus Species and Virulence
- Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is caused by one of six Ebola virus species, with Zaire Ebola virus being the most virulent and responsible for major outbreaks.
- Other species cause fewer or smaller outbreaks with lower mortality rates, primarily occurring in sub-Saharan Africa.
EVD Transmission and Pathophysiology
- EVD transmits via direct contact with infected fluids or broken skin and from handling corpses and bushmeat.
- The virus evades the immune system by disrupting immune cells, ultimately causing a cytokine storm and multi-organ failure.
Phases of EVD Illness
- The incubation period is 2 to 21 days, followed by a dry phase with flu-like symptoms, then a wet phase with gastrointestinal symptoms and possible hemorrhage.
- The final phase is recovery or multi-organ failure and death, typically within 16 days of symptom onset.