Join Professor Martin Kitson, an expert in Irregular Warfare from the Netherlands Defence Academy, and Major General Ron Smits, former Commander of Netherlands Special Operations, as they discuss the pivotal role of Special Operations Forces in modern influence activities. They explore the shift from counterterrorism to influence operations, the necessity of cultural understanding, and the importance of diverse skill sets. The conversation dives into the challenges SOF face in a hybrid warfare landscape, addressing the intricate balance of local engagement and global security demands.
Special Operations Forces (SOF) leverage diverse capabilities for influence operations, integrating psychological, cyber, and media strategies to achieve strategic objectives.
Understanding local cultural and political dynamics is crucial for SOF in tailoring influence campaigns and building trust within target communities.
Deep dives
The Value of SOF in Influence Activities
Special Operations Forces (SOF) play a crucial role in influence operations, which are essential for changing the behavior of target audiences in various contexts. SOF's unique capabilities allow them to integrate different functions such as psychological operations, cyber activities, and media messaging to achieve desired effects. Unlike conventional forces, SOF can think unconventionally, making them adept at tackling problems with innovative solutions that enhance their influence. This integration of diverse capabilities enables SOF to generate significant impacts at both operational and strategic levels, reinforcing their importance in modern warfare and hybrid conflict scenarios.
Understanding the Human Terrain
A key aspect of effective influence operations is a deep understanding of the local human terrain, including cultural, social, and political dynamics. SOF emphasizes the importance of situational awareness and the need to engage with local populations to gather insights that can inform their strategies. By understanding local sentiments, fears, and motivations, SOF can tailor their influence efforts more effectively, as demonstrated in historical contexts like Tal Afar, where an understanding of local dynamics helped SOF leverage show-of-force tactics without direct confrontation. This approach not only enhances operational effectiveness but also builds trust and rapport with local communities, aiding in long-term strategic goals.
Challenges of Coordinating Influence Operations
Coherent influence campaigns face several strategic and bureaucratic challenges, particularly in multinational settings where differing national priorities and legal restrictions come into play. For example, the necessity of tailoring messages that align with the varying interests of partner nations, especially in competition with adversaries like Russia, can complicate operational coherence. Moreover, strict regulations surrounding data privacy and operational oversight can limit SOF's flexibility in conducting influence operations, requiring creativity to navigate these constraints. Such challenges underline the need for better communication and coordination among military and diplomatic entities to ensure that influence efforts are aligned and effective.
Evolving Roles of SOF in Modern Conflict
The evolving landscape of modern warfare necessitates a re-examination of the roles and responsibilities of SOF, especially in the context of great power competition and hybrid threats. Historical approaches, such as supporting resistance or conducting unconventional warfare, need adaptation to address contemporary issues like cyber warfare and urban environments. SOF must demonstrate their value beyond traditional direct action roles, acknowledging their unique position in building partnerships and providing military assistance in fragile contexts. Continued education and training in cultural competencies, the human domain, and inter-agency collaboration are essential for SOF to maintain relevance and effectiveness in future conflicts.
Episode 116 of the Irregular Warfare Podcast explores the role of Special Operations Forces (SOF) in influence activities, featuring insights from Professor Martijn Kitson and Major General Ron Smits. The guests discuss the value proposition of SOF in influence operations, emphasizing their ability to integrate various capabilities for maximum effect. They delve into the importance of understanding local environments, the challenges of conducting influence campaigns across different cultural and legal contexts, and the evolving role of European SOF in global operations. The conversation highlights the need for specialized training, diverse skill sets within SOF units, and the importance of adapting to new forms of warfare, including resistance operations in highly urbanized and cyber environments. The episode provides valuable perspectives on the future of SOF and their critical role in addressing complex security challenges in the 21st century.
Martijn Kitzen is a Professor and the Chair of Irregular Warfare and Special Operations, Netherlands Defence Academy (NLDA) in the Netherlands, and formerly served in the Royal Netherlands Army and Air Force. He Co-Edited The Conduct of War in the 21st Century (Routledge, 2021), and has written dozens of articles on coalition operations, counterinsurgency, and asymmetric conflict, to include serving as academic advisor for the revision of NATO’s AJP 3.4.4 (Counterinsurgency).
Major General Ron Smits was the Commander of Netherlands Special Operations Command. Notable positions include Head of the Manoeuvre Division within the Directorate of Operational Policy, Requirements and Plans; Chief of Staff with 43rd Mechanised Brigade; Commander of Training Command in Ahmersoort; Commander of 11th Air Mobile Brigade; and Special Operations Commander from 2021 to 2024.
Adam Darnley-Stuart and Don Edwards are the hosts for this episode. Please reach out to Ben and Matt with any questions about this episode or the Irregular Warfare Podcast.
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