Mastering is the final stage of music production, optimizing the tonal balance, loudness, and cohesion of the album.
Advancements in digital technology and the desire for louder recordings led to a loudness war, compromising sound quality and dynamics.
Deep dives
Mastering: The Final Step in Making a Commercial Recording
Mastering is the last stage in the music production process, where a fully mixed recording is refined and optimized to sound the best it can be. It involves making precise adjustments to enhance the tonal balance, loudness, dynamics, and overall cohesion of the album. Mastering engineers collaborate with artists to achieve the desired sound, whether it's adding aggression to a rock song or creating a soft and open sound for a ballad. The mastering process also involves sequencing the songs, choosing gaps between tracks, and ensuring a cohesive listening experience. Ultimately, mastering aims to maximize the quality and impact of the final sound.
Difference Between Mastering and Mixing
Mixing involves blending individual tracks and controlling their levels to create the final mixed recording. On the other hand, mastering focuses on fine-tuning the fully mixed recording without making any further adjustments to individual tracks. Analogies such as pouring different colored sand into a jar and adjusting its contents illustrate the contrast between mixing and mastering. While mixing determines the blend of tracks, mastering involves subtle adjustments, much like using Photoshop to enhance the overall audio quality and coherence.
The Influence of Loudness and the Loudness War
Loudness, which refers to the volume of a recording, has become a significant aspect of mastering. Louder recordings often seem more enticing and appealing to listeners. With advancements in digital technology, mastering engineers were able to make music louder than ever before using dynamic range compression. This technique reduced the contrast between soft and loud parts of a song, resulting in a more consistent and intense sound. However, this led to a loudness war, where artists and radio stations competed to have the loudest recordings. While the trend for loudness continues, there is a growing understanding that extreme compression compromises sound quality and dynamics, ultimately affecting the emotional impact of the music.
Join us on a musical journey from the Golden Age of analog mastering to the digital methods of today. We’ll find out why the music industry became obsessed with loudness, and learn how the digital era transformed the way that music sounds. Featuring Greg Milner and Ian Shepherd.