Michael Shermer: Conspiracy Thinking, Wokeness, and the Future of Free Thought
Jan 22, 2025
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Michael Shermer, founder of Skeptic magazine and author on rationalism, discusses the rising tide of conspiracy thinking and its political roots. He argues against the narratives of well-known conspiracies and critiques how wokeness impacts science, compromising research integrity. Shermer emphasizes the need for open discourse in academia and reflects on the evolution of individual rights, particularly in contentious areas like sports and morality. He also sheds light on the phenomenon of UFO sightings, likening it to social contagion and misinterpretation.
Conspiracy theories often arise from a human instinct to find patterns in complex events, leading to irrational beliefs without substantial evidence.
The evolution of wokeness has shifted from awareness of social injustices to a rigid ideology that hampers open discourse and scientific integrity.
Censorship in academia fosters a culture of fear, preventing scholars from expressing dissenting opinions and undermining the advancement of knowledge.
Deep dives
Understanding Conspiracy Theories
Conspiracy theories often stem from a basic human instinct to find patterns and rational explanations in complex events. Many people equate major events with equally significant causes, leading to beliefs that seemingly trivial incidents must involve larger, coordinated conspiracies. For instance, questions surrounding events like the JFK assassination and 9/11 frequently arise due to a cognitive bias that seeks to link unexplained anomalies to vast conspiratorial activities. Shermer emphasizes that real conspiracies do occur, but they are much less common than people believe, and drawing unwarranted conclusions without substantial evidence leads to irrational beliefs.
The Rise and Shift of Wokeness
The discussion highlights the evolution of the term 'woke' from its original intent of awareness regarding social injustices to its current connotation that some view as excessive or detrimental. Shermer argues that initial good intentions behind being woke have transformed into a rigid ideology that often ignores significant social progress. This shift has manifested in institutions becoming hypersensitive to perceived harm, leading to censorship and a stifling of open intellectual discourse, especially in academia. As Shermer reflects on personal experiences like his departure from Scientific American, he illustrates the challenges faced by those questioning the prevailing woke narrative.
Science Under Siege
Wokeness is increasingly seen as contaminating scientific inquiry where concerns about diversity, equity, and inclusion influence research funding and publication decisions. Shermer cites examples where scientists have faced rejection or pushed to amend research proposals to fit a woke framework, limiting the exploration of uncomfortable but essential topics. The emphasis on affirmative statements based on ideology over empirical evidence can jeopardize the integrity of scientific research. This situation raises alarms about what happens when fear of offending and political correctness supersedes scientific rigor.
Confronting Censorship in Academia
The challenge of censorship in academic environments has led to a culture of fear among scholars who may refrain from voicing dissenting opinions. Shermer notes that many professors feel pressured to conform to the prevailing ideologies or face potential consequences. This spiral of silence not only restricts individual voices but also undermines academic freedom, a cornerstone of knowledge advancement. The creation of alternative institutions or platforms that promote free inquiry and challenge dominant narratives is highlighted as a potential solution to combat this trend.
Historical Context and Rationality as Shields
To resist falling into conspiracy thinking, it is essential to understand historical contexts and recognize how human psychology influences perceptions of randomness and chance. Shermer mentions that our brains naturally seek to find meaning in randomness, which can lead to misconstrued interpretations of events. By grounding oneself in historical truths and rational analysis, individuals can better discern fact from fear-driven speculation. This understanding promotes a healthier skepticism that can protect against the allure of conspiratorial explanations, which often simplify the complexities of reality.
"Even paranoids have real enemies," said the poet Delmore Schwartz, who was both clinically paranoid and definitely on to something, according to today's guest: Michael Shermer, the founder of Skeptic magazine, Substack superstar, and author of many best-selling books about rationalism, the evolution of morality, and pseudoscience.
He quotes Schwartz in his latest book, Conspiracy: Why the Rational Believe the Irrational, to drive home the point that big, world-changing secret plots happen all the time, but there are reliable ways for us to decide whether Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, 9/11 was an inside job, or vaccines cause autism. For the record, Shermer says yes, no, and no on those counts.
Reason's Nick Gillespie talks with Shermer about whether conspiracy thinking is on the rise, whether it's coded left or right, how wokeness poisons science, and whether the reelection of Donald Trump means free thought is ascendant. This interview was recorded at a live event in New York City in January. Sign up for invites to and news about Reason's New York events here.