Overview of GraphQL

GraphQL is a query language that creates a structured way to fetch data based on a schema, which is a defining feature of the technology. It addresses common issues found in RESTful APIs, such as under-fetching and over-fetching of data. Under-fetching occurs when multiple requests are needed to gather all required data for a single view, while over-fetching means unnecessary data is retrieved, wasting resources. By allowing clients to specify exactly what data they need, GraphQL optimizes data fetching and eliminates the need for multiple requests.