In this episode from 2013, we look at whether spite pays — and if it even exists.

SOURCES:
- Benedikt Herrmann, research officer at the European Commission.
- Steve Levitt, co-author of Freakonomics and host of People I (Mostly) Admire.
- Dave O'Connor, president of Times Studios.
- Lisi Oliver, professor of English at Louisiana State University.
- E.O. Wilson, naturalist and university research professor emeritus at Harvard University.

RESOURCES:
- You Don't Know Bo: The Legend of Bo Jackson, documentary (2012).
- "Amputation of the nose throughout history," by G. Sperati (ACTA Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, 2009).
- "The Appearance of Homo Rivalis: Social Preferences and the Nature of Rent Seeking," by Benedikt Herrmann and Henrik Orzen (Center for Decision Research and Experimental Economics, 2008).

EXTRAS:
- "What It’s Like to Be Middle-Aged (in the Middle Ages)," by Freakonomics Radio (2025).

Engineering Retention and Recruitment