Presidential campaign stops might not sway voters as much as we think. Analysis of campaign visits from 2008-2020 shows a focus on friendly territories and strategies differ between candidates. Biden and Trump took different approaches in the pandemic. VP picks and campaign stops have a limited impact on election outcomes.
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Quick takeaways
Campaign stops by presidential candidates have limited impact on voter behavior, focusing more on mobilization than persuasion.
Symbolic value of campaign stops lies in conveying messages and shaping public perception through local media coverage.
VP selections aim to highlight loyalty and support for the presidential candidate, reflecting personal loyalty over electoral strategies.
Deep dives
Campaign Visits Influence Voters
Campaign stops by presidential candidates are found to have limited impact on voter behavior, with statistical analysis from 2008 to 2020 showing that they generally do not significantly sway vote shares. While some exceptions like the increased margin for Barack Obama and John McCain in 2008 were noted, most campaign visits do not lead to substantial vote shifts. The mobilization versus persuasion aspects are explored, highlighting that candidates often target friendly territories for mobilization rather than aiming to persuade undecided voters.
Symbolic Value of Campaign Visits
Campaign stops hold symbolic value in conveying messages and reaching out to voters, even if their direct electoral impact is minimal. The choice of campaign venues and the local media coverage they generate play a crucial role in shaping public perception of the candidate and their campaign priorities. While attendees at rallies are usually already decided in their voting preferences, the local media coverage and the associated messaging contribute to broader perceptions of the candidate.
Vice Presidential Picks Matter Indirectly
The selection of a vice presidential candidate influences voter perceptions indirectly, providing insights into the presidential candidate's judgment, political profile, and administration priorities. VP picks do not usually sway voters' choices based solely on the VP candidate's identity, geographic background, or demographic appeal. Instead, VP choices serve to shape the electorate's understanding of the presidential candidate's leadership qualities and policy focus.
Loyalty Over Electoral Strategy
In considering future VP picks, loyalty and unwavering support for the presidential candidate are prioritized over electoral strategies or demographic balancing. Donald Trump's preference for absolute loyalty is highlighted as a key criterion for VP selection, with past instances like Mike Pence's demonstrated loyalty being valued highly. Trump's focus on loyalty stems from his belief in the importance of VP support during critical political moments, like the certification of election results.
Political Symbolism in VP Selection
The VP selection process is viewed through the lens of political symbolism and personal loyalty, with Trump expected to prioritize a candidate who aligns with his political agenda and demonstrates unwavering support. The potential VP choice's role in certifying future elections and ensuring party interests are protected underscores the significance of loyalty and adherence to Trump's directives. The selection process is expected to reflect Trump's emphasis on personal loyalty over electoral balancing strategies.
After Tuesday’s primaries, President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump have mathematically clinched their parties’ nominations. And now, it’s off to the races. Over the past week, Biden has made campaign stops in Pennsylvania, Georgia, New Hampshire, Michigan and Wisconsin. Trump was also in Georgia last weekend and he’ll be in Ohio on Saturday.
These kinds of campaign stops are a cornerstone of presidential campaigns and we can expect a lot more of them between now and November. There’s only one problem: According to political scientist Chris Devine, they don’t actually work. At least, not all that well and not in the ways you’d expect. In this installment of the 538 Politics podcast, Devine talks about his recently published book called, “I’m Here to Ask for Your Vote: How Presidential Campaign Visits Influence Voters."