Marianne Malina, President of GSD&M, discusses Southwest Airlines' strategic decision to offer free checked bags, defying industry norms for customer satisfaction. The key to success lies in prioritizing stakeholder value and rejecting trade-off choices, leading to innovation and long-term success in stakeholder capitalism.
Southwest Airlines' rejection of bag fees showcased prioritizing customers over short-term profits.
Choosing to value all stakeholders over traditional trade-off choices can lead to innovation and long-term benefits.
Deep dives
The Choice to Not Charge for Bags at Southwest Airlines
In the summer of 2009, Southwest Airlines faced the decision to generate revenue by charging for checked bags like other airlines. Despite the potential to gain $450 to $550 million annually, Southwest's CEO, Gary Kelly, chose not to implement bag fees. This decision aligned with Southwest's core value of treating customers with respect and avoiding nickel-and-diming them. In the following months, Southwest proved the naysayers wrong by doubling projected revenues and increasing market share without charging for bags.
Impact of Choosing Customers over Shareholders at Southwest Airlines
Choosing not to charge for bags at Southwest Airlines showcased a trade-off between shareholders and customers. By prioritizing customers and employees over short-term profits, Southwest enhanced customer loyalty and employee morale. This choice led to an increase in revenue, market share gains, and a lasting positive impact on customer relationships. The decision exemplified a common-sense approach to valuing stakeholders and resulted in long-term benefits for the airline.
Lessons on Stakeholder Capitalism from Southwest Airlines' Bag Policy
Southwest Airlines' bag policy offers a valuable lesson in stakeholder capitalism by challenging conventional trade-off choices between shareholders, employees, and customers. The airline's innovative approach demonstrates the possibility of creating win-win situations for all stakeholders. Rejecting traditional trade-off mentalities can lead to enhanced value creation, organizational innovation, and positive industry influence. Southwest's decision not only prioritized customers and employees but also sparked a shift towards a more inclusive and sustainable business model.
Originally released on September 27, 2020, Episode 3 features Marianne Malina, President of GSD&M telling the story of the fateful 2009 board meeting where Southwest Airlines CEO Gary Kelley chose to reject the tradeoff choice that led every other major air carrier to begin charging for the 1st and 2nd checked bag. What was pilloried by analysts at the time as an inexplicable rejection of much-needed cash, proved to be the smartest bet in the industry by the end of the year. It wasn’t just luck either. There is a method to Southwest’s “madness” and that is the 3rd thing you should know about stakeholder capitalism.
The key is deliberately endeavoring to create value for each of your company’s stakeholders and then rejecting the framing that leads to what appears to be a tradeoff choice between stakeholders. Do that well, and you’ll find opportunity after opportunity for innovation. The tool we mentioned in the episode that can help companies learn to do this is a simple framework developed by Tim Kelley and Nathan Havey that helps a management team to self-assess how they are doing with stakeholder engagement.
This story is more than a decade old, but Southwest is still at it in many ways.
You can listen to more music by the artists we featured in the episode here.