Ep. 352: Thomas Reid on Smelling and Knowledge (Part One)
Oct 7, 2024
auto_awesome
Delve into Thomas Reid's critique of modern philosophy's misconceptions about perception. Discover how our senses, especially smell, reveal deeper truths about reality, challenging traditional epistemological frameworks. Explore the relationships between sensory experiences and knowledge, emphasizing the complexity of human cognition. Engage with the philosophical battle against skepticism and the historical significance of language in shaping our understanding. Uncover how our sensory perceptions construct our reality, particularly through the fascinating lens of scent.
Reid critiques modern philosophy by asserting that sensory experiences, like the smell of a rose, provide a more reliable knowledge foundation than mere ideas.
He emphasizes common sense as essential for understanding reality, directly opposing Hume’s skepticism and advocating for a realist interpretation of perception.
Reid introduces the concept of 'natural language' to illustrate how sensory experiences enrich cognition, transcending the limitations of artificial verbal constructs.
Deep dives
Analyzing the Human Mind through Common Sense
The podcast delves into Thomas Reid's philosophy, particularly his exploration of the human mind and perception, emphasizing his response to skepticism as articulated by philosophers like Hume. Reid argues that skepticism is absurd, contending that our basic experiences and sensations provide a more reliable foundation for knowledge than the skeptical conclusions drawn by his predecessors. He suggests that common sense, grounded in our natural faculties, leads us to acknowledge basic truths about the world, which cannot simply be relegated to mere sensory impressions. By focusing on common sense rather than abstract philosophical conceptions, Reid positions himself in direct opposition to Hume’s views, advocating for a realist interpretation of our cognitive experiences.
Reid's Challenge to the Myth of the Given
Reid's work critically addresses the notion of the ‘myth of the given,’ where prior philosophical frameworks break down experiences into mere ideas or impressions. He proposes that perception transcends simple sensory experiences, framing it as a complex interplay between sensation and judgment, which asserts the existence of objects independent of our mind. By doing so, he critiques the prevailing idealist notion that ideas alone inform reality, arguing instead for a more dynamic relationship between our senses and external objects. This suggests that our cognitive faculties are directly engaged with the world, allowing for a more meaningful understanding of reality beyond mere sensory data.
The Role of Language in Perception
Reid illustrates how language is intrinsic to human perception and cognition, positing that our experiences are structured through an innate understanding that precedes formal language. He introduces the idea of 'natural language' as a form of communication that exists alongside artificial language, which facilitates our engagement with the world. This natural language encompasses gestures and expressions that enrich understanding, highlighting the profound connection between our sensory experiences and the meanings they convey. By emphasizing this, Reid underscores the limitations of reducing human understanding to mere verbal constructs while affirming the significance of embodied experience.
Common Sense Meets Scientific Inquiry
Reid advocates for a philosophical approach that aligns closely with scientific inquiry, suggesting that understanding the mind and perception is a gradual process built on previous knowledge. He portrays philosophy as an evolving discipline, urging that insights from past thinkers should inform contemporary investigations into the workings of the mind. This approach not only honors the contributions of earlier philosophers but also critiques the oversimplification of understanding consciousness and perception through rigid systems. By likening the philosophical study of mind to scientific development, Reid reinforces the notion that philosophical inquiry should be as dynamic and adaptable as the scientific method.
Perception and the Powers of Objects
In discussing perception, Reid asserts that sensations carry inherent qualities that relate to the objects causing them, such as the smell of a rose, which he argues cannot be understood merely through the lens of idealism or skepticism. He distinguishes between the subjective experience of smell and the physical properties of the rose, emphasizing that our knowledge of objects is not limited to images or ideas in our heads. This viewpoint challenges the views held by Hume and others about the nature of perception, advocating for the idea that we perceive the world through powers that objects possess. By highlighting this relational aspect of perception, Reid paves the way for a more profound understanding of knowledge acquisition as it relates to our sensory interactions with the physical world.
On Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense (1764): the introduction, conclusion, ch. 2 "Of Smelling" ch. 4 "Of Hearing," and some correspondence between Reid and Hume.
According to Reid, the big mistake of "modern" philosophy is thinking that objects in the world need to resemble the sensations we have of them. Smelling is supposed to give us an obvious counter-example: the scent of a rose in no way resembles a physical rose.