Explore the social impact of the Great Depression, from challenges of survival to defending working-class life. Dive into the history and politics of the Congress of Industrial Organizations and the struggles of the working class. Learn about the rise of industrial unionism, the Scottsboro Boys case, and the impact of transience and radical initiatives during the Depression era.
The Great Depression halted the social reproduction process, posing a threat to working-class survival.
Escalating unemployment rates during the Depression led to devastating consequences for families and communities.
Communist Party initiatives and alternative labor federations reshaped industrial unionism amidst economic turmoil.
Deep dives
The Beginning of the Great Depression and Labor Organizing
The episode delves into the period from the onset of the Great Depression through 1933, highlighting the emergence of labor organizing even before FDR's New Deal. It emphasizes the concept of social reproduction, where the crisis halted processes needed to reproduce workers and their labor power, threatening the working class's survival. This led to new working class strategies, survival methods, relief seeking, and challenges to societal structures.
Economic Impact and Unemployment During the Great Depression
The podcast explores the drastic economic impact of the Great Depression, including the financial panic of 1929 and severe deflation in manufacturing and agriculture. It reveals the escalating unemployment rates, with millions losing jobs each year, leading to devastating consequences for communities and families. Foreclosures, decline in farm income, and disruptions in daily life underscored the turmoil caused by the economic crisis.
Organizational Efforts and Political Movements Amidst Hardships
Amidst economic hardships, the episode discusses diverse organizational efforts and political movements that arose, such as the Communist Party's initiatives, alternative labor federations like the Trade Union Unity League, and the coherence of various workers' struggles. These movements blurred the boundaries between community and workplace organizing, showcasing a unique era of industrial unionism.
Communist Approach to Organizing Unions
The communists in different industries aimed at establishing a more democratic and inclusive form of unionism. They strived to organize workers often excluded by traditional unions, engaging younger workers, women, and African Americans. Through shop delegate-based unions and democratic deliberation structures like strike committees, they aimed to empower the rank and file members. Despite facing challenges and self-criticism, their goal was to build a more participatory and bottom-up union model, influencing later organizing strategies in industrial unions.
Coal Industry Struggles and Unions' Response
The coal industry faced severe deflation and employer resistance to unionization in the 1920s, leading to significant wage cuts and anti-union actions. The United Mine Workers Union collapsed under pressure, dividing into different unions, including the National Miners Union led by Communists. Strikes erupted in the coal fields, notably in Harlan County, characterized by brutal working conditions and domination by employers. Despite repression and starvation tactics, the strikes illustrated worker militancy and solidarity, shaping future labor movements and inspiring iconic labor songs like 'Which Side Are You On?'
Episode four of Fragile Juggernaut surveys the panorama of social life transfigured by the first three years of the Great Depression. By examining the sharp and persisting business downturn as a crisis of social reproduction—in which the conditions for working people to reproduce themselves appeared to permanently subside—Tim, Ben, Emma, and Andrew discuss how challenges of survival transformed into struggles defending working-class life.
Fragile Juggernaut is a Haymarket Originals podcast exploring the history, politics, and strategic lessons of the Congress of Industrial Organizations and the rank and file insurgency that produced it. Support Fragile Juggernaut on Patreon and receive our exclusive bimonthly newsletter, full of additional insights, reading recommendations, and archival materials we’ve amassed along the way.
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