Anna Lora-Wainwright, "Resigned Activism: Living with Pollution in Rural China" (MIT Press, 2021)
Oct 20, 2024
auto_awesome
In this engaging discussion, Anna Lora-Wainwright, a Professor of Human Geography of China at Oxford University, explores the intricacies of living with pollution in rural China. She introduces the concept of 'resigned activism,' showing how villagers navigate their daily struggles amidst industrial contamination. The conversation dives into grassroots responses, the emotional toll of pollution, and the challenges of seeking justice against a backdrop of socio-economic inequalities. Drawing on her rich fieldwork, Lora-Wainwright highlights community resilience and quiet forms of resistance.
Anna Lora-Wainwright highlights the concept of 'resigned activism', illustrating how marginalized individuals navigate toxic environments through subtle survival actions rather than traditional protests.
The phrase 'my banfa' reflects a feeling of resignation among polluted communities, emphasizing the complex moral discourse of limited agency and enduring hope for change.
Deep dives
Background and Influences in Anthropology
Anna Laura Wainwright discusses her early life in Italy and how it shaped her understanding of social dynamics, particularly in relation to empathy and navigating challenging environments. Her experiences during childhood, including her parents’ divorce and interactions with diverse cultures while living in London, paved the way for her interest in anthropology. First studying at SOAS, she was inspired by exceptional educators, which further fueled her fascination with human societies and cultures. Wainwright's journey culminated in her pursuit of a PhD in medical anthropology, focusing on environmental health issues in China.
Concept of Resigned Activism
Wainwright elaborates on her concept of 'resigned activism', highlighting the nuanced ways individuals express agency within constrained environments and toxic conditions. Traditional forms of activism, such as protests or petitions, contrast sharply with subtler actions like wearing masks or filtering drinking water, which are often overlooked. This idea broadens the understanding of activism, showing that even seemingly passive behaviors stem from survival instincts in polluted contexts. Wainwright's work emphasizes the critical need for anthropologists to recognize and validate these understated forms of resistance and adaptation.
Cultural Expressions of Helplessness
The phrase 'my banfa', meaning 'there is no way', encapsulates feelings of resignation and helplessness faced by individuals in polluted environments. Wainwright notes that this expression conveys a complex moral discourse where people acknowledge their limitations while still striving to improve their circumstances. She compares its usage in rural China with similar sentiments found in Southern Italy, emphasizing a shared sense of abandonment and the limits of agency. By unpacking such expressions, Wainwright argues for a deeper understanding of the struggles faced by marginalized communities in confronting systemic injustices.
Long-Term Fieldwork and Capturing Complexity
Wainwright's research design involved long-term fieldwork across multiple sites in rural China, allowing her to observe evolving attitudes toward pollution over time. She reflects on how initial acceptance of industrialization eventually transitioned to realizations of its harmful effects, leading communities to recalibrate their expectations and demands. This longitudinal approach reveals the intricate dynamics of local communities, stratification, and the lack of coalition-building among diverse groups, particularly migrant workers. By studying these changing perspectives on pollution and health, Wainwright aims to unveil the complexities of community resilience and activism in the context of environmental harm.
Resigned Activism: Living with Pollution in Rural China (MIT Press, 2021) by Dr. Anna Lora-Wainwright digs deep into the paradoxes, ambivalences, and wide range of emotions and strategies people develop to respond to toxicity in everyday life.
An examination of the daily grind of living with pollution in rural China and of the varying forms of activism that develop in response. Residents of rapidly industrializing rural areas in China live with pollution every day. Villagers drink obviously tainted water and breathe visibly dirty air, afflicted by a variety of ailments—from arthritis to nosebleeds—that they ascribe to the effects of industrial pollution. In Resigned Activism, Anna Lora-Wainwright explores the daily grind of living with pollution in rural China and the varying forms of activism that develop in response. This revised edition offers expanded acknowledgment of the contributions of Lora-Wainwright’s collaborators in China. Lora-Wainwright finds that claims of health or environmental damage are politically sensitive, and that efforts to seek redress are frustrated by limited access to scientific evidence, growing socioeconomic inequalities, and complex local realities. Villagers, feeling powerless, often come to accept pollution as part of the environment; their activism is tempered by their resignation. Drawing on fieldwork done with teams of collaborators, Lora-Wainwright offers three case studies of “resigned activism” in rural China, examining the experiences of villagers who live with the effects of phosphorous mining and fertilizer production, lead and zinc mining, and electronic waste processing.
The book also includes extended summaries of the in-depth research carried out by Ajiang Chen and his team in some of China’s “cancer villages,” village-sized clusters of high cancer incidence. These cases make clear the staggering human costs of development and the deeply uneven distribution of costs and benefits that underlie China’s economic power.
Dr. Elena Sobrino is a lecturer in Anthropology at Tufts University. Her research focuses on the politics of crisis in the American Rust Belt. She is currently teaching classes on science and technology studies, theories and ethnographies of crisis, and global racisms. You can read more about her work at elenasobrino.site.