Discover why a hairstyle inspired by Brutus once became a trend in America. Explore the neoclassical architectural style that dominated post-Revolutionary America and embodied its democratic ideals. Delve into the story of Cincinnatus, the humble farmer-soldier whose values influenced American founders. Uncover the stark contrasts between Roman and American systems of slavery and reflect on the enduring influence of ancient Rome on contemporary American governance and culture. Can ancient lessons help navigate today's challenges?
Roman ideals profoundly influenced American foundational principles, leading to neoclassical architectural styles symbolizing freedom and governance in public buildings.
The shifting American interpretation of democracy from Roman to Greek models highlights evolving attitudes towards suffrage and civic responsibility over time.
Deep dives
Influence of Roman Ideals on American Founding
Roman ideals significantly influenced the founding principles of the United States. After breaking free from British monarchy, Americans turned their attention to the Republican model of ancient Rome, viewing it as a symbol of freedom and governance. This led to the adoption of classical architectural styles in public buildings, particularly in Washington, D.C., to embody these values. Influential figures like Thomas Jefferson were instrumental in this shift, advocating for neoclassical design as a representation of the new nation’s aspirations.
Cincinnatus: A Model of Civic Virtue
The figure of Cincinnatus from ancient Rome served as an important symbol of civic virtue in America. Cincinnatus exhibited the ideal of a leader who would relinquish power once his duty was complete, contrasting with the notion of dictatorship. This narrative resonated strongly with American leaders like George Washington, who similarly refused to maintain power after leading the Continental Army. Such ideals underscored the American value of prioritizing service and the common good over personal ambition.
Classical Education and Cultural Identity
Classical education became a cornerstone of American identity throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Students were routinely taught Greek and Latin, along with the virtues of ancient civilizations, to prepare them for roles as informed citizens and leaders. This cultural immersion in classical ideas extended beyond academia, influencing social practices and adorning public spaces with classical motifs. As Americans sought their own national identity, the education system helped instill a civic religion rooted in ancient ideals.
Evolving Views on Democracy and Governance
Over time, the American interpretation of democracy evolved from a focus on Roman principles to an admiration for Greek democracy, particularly in the context of expanding suffrage. As the electorate broadened, early American leaders began to draw on the democratic models of ancient Athens to guide political developments. This shift was reflected in the architecture of the time, which increasingly incorporated Greek elements to symbolize democratic ideals. The relationship between ancient models and American governance continues to spark debate about the essence and future of democracy in the United States.
Why was there once a fashion for styling your hair like Brutus, the most famous of Julius Caesar's assassins? Why are there so many neoclassical buildings in the United States? And how was the Ancient Roman Empire once used as a justification for the system of enslavement?
Find out in this episode, as Don is joined by Caroline Winterer, William Robertson Coe Professor of History and American Studies at Stanford University. Caroline is the author of five books, most recently 'How the New World Became Old: The Deep Time Revolution in America'.
Produced by Sophie Gee. Edited by Aidan Lonergan. Senior Producer was Charlotte Long.
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