Joining the discussion is Richard Kinley, a former senior official at the UN Climate Change Secretariat, who brings his wealth of experience in international negotiations. The conversation dives into the upcoming Rio Trio: three pivotal COPs on biodiversity, climate, and desertification. Kinley shares insights on their interconnected challenges and the historical evolution since the 1992 Earth Summit. The urgency of establishing a Plastics Treaty is also highlighted, emphasizing global cooperation in tackling pollution and fostering a comprehensive environmental governance framework.
The Rio Trio conventions highlight the historical evolution of environmental governance, illustrating the need for an integrated approach to address interconnected challenges.
Calls for unifying the separate frameworks of climate, biodiversity, and desertification underscore the urgency for comprehensive solutions in global environmental diplomacy.
Deep dives
Understanding the Rio Trio
Three significant conventions emerged from the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, known as the Rio Trio, consisting of legally binding agreements focused on climate change, biodiversity, and desertification. These conventions were primarily pushed by developing countries seeking to include environmental considerations in the existing multilateral agreements, which were largely dominated by economic interests at the time. The Climate Change Convention and the Biodiversity Convention were adopted first, followed by the Desertification Convention, which took longer to finalize. While climate change has garnered more attention and funding over the years, the biodiversity and desertification conventions have raised concerns over the imbalance in financial support, highlighting the ongoing competition for resources among these critical environmental issues.
COPs: Structure and Decision-Making
Each of the three conventions has its own Conference of the Parties (COP) process, where parties meet regularly to advance the agreements' implementation. While the Climate COP meets annually, the other two conventions meet every two years, leading to a significant difference in the number and frequency of their respective sessions. The decision-making processes also differ, with climate negotiations relying on consensus among parties, which often complicates agreement due to differing national interests, particularly from fossil fuel-dependent countries. In contrast, the Biodiversity and Desertification conventions utilize majority voting or consensus without the same degree of formal objection, making their decision-making potentially more streamlined.
The Interconnected Nature of Global Environmental Issues
The topics addressed by the Rio Trio conventions are deeply interconnected, underscoring the need for an integrated approach to environmental governance. The impact of climate change on biodiversity and desertification, particularly through alterations in water availability and the hydrological cycle, highlights the interdependence of these issues. Some experts argue that maintaining separate processes for these conventions creates inefficiencies and complications for countries tasked with negotiating overlapping agreements, leading to a fragmented response to global environmental challenges. Calls for unity among the conventions underline the necessity to recognize their shared objectives and promote comprehensive solutions to effectively address climate, biodiversity, and land degradation.
Rethinking Global Environmental Governance
The historical context surrounding the establishment of the three conventions suggests a past attempt to approach environmental issues in manageable segments; however, current circumstances call for a reevaluation of this fragmented governance structure. There is a growing sentiment that integrating these conventions under a unified framework could enhance collaboration across stakeholders and improve the efficiency of addressing multifaceted environmental challenges. Some propose focusing on planetary boundaries as a holistic framework to guide international actions, recognizing the interconnectedness of climate, biodiversity, and desertification issues. The urgency of the climate crisis and rising public awareness of environmental degradation may offer a newfound impetus to reconsider and potentially reform the existing structures governing international environmental agreements.
This week, our hosts dive into The Rio Trio! No, this is not the name of a new cocktail but three COPs (Biodiversity in Colombia, Climate in Azerbaijan and Desertification in Saudi Arabia) which are about to happen back-to-back. Plus the plastics treaty negotiations in South Korea.
Join our hosts for their take on the history of these three different but interrelated COPs, all conceived in the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. How have they evolved, and how might they continue to evolve to be fit for purpose in a changed world? Since this subject is complex, Christiana uses her get-out clause and phones a special friend for much-needed clarity.
Christiana also asks the question: If we had a blank slate now, would it make more sense to kick start a process based on all nine planetary boundaries? Would this help us focus holistically on the interconnected challenges we face? Sit back and listen as the hosts try to make sense of this negotiating super season for the planet and all its peoples.
Please keep tuned for special and in-depth coverage from the Outrage + Optimism team to guide you through each of these key moments.
Richard Kinley, President, Foundation for Global Governance and Sustainability and former senior official at the UN Climate Change Secretariat (UNFCCC) from 1993 to 2017. He served as Deputy Executive Secretary from 2006 to 2017 and was intimately involved in the development of UNFCCC as an organization from its establishment and in its management and operations.