Armageddon Averted: The Soviet Collapse, 1970–2000 (Stephen Kotkin)
Dec 13, 2023
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Stephen Kotkin, expert on the collapse of the Soviet Communist regime, discusses the factors behind the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, the consequences of the collapse, the role of Western banks, the challenges faced by post-Soviet Russia, the admiration for Putin's Russia among Americans, and the potential regime collapse and its consequences.
The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 was primarily driven by the spontaneous uprising of average citizens, fueled by nationalism and religion, rather than dissidents or counter-elites.
The economic gap between the Soviet Union and the West continued to widen, and despite the illusion of stability, the reliance on the oil and gas industry concealed the inefficiencies and outdated infrastructure of Soviet heavy industry.
Deep dives
Collapse of Eastern European Communist Regimes
In 'Armageddon Averted: The Soviet Collapse, 1970-2000' by Stephen Kotkin, the author argues that the collapse of the Eastern European Communist regimes in 1989 was not due to dissidents or counter-elites, but rather the spontaneous uprising of average citizens driven by nationalism and religion.
Economic Challenges in the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union's heavy reliance on the oil and gas industry provided a temporary economic boost, but concealed the inefficiencies and outdated infrastructure of Soviet heavy industry. The economic gap between the Soviet Union and the West continued to widen, despite the illusion of stability and low unemployment in the Soviet Union.
Gorbachev's Reform Efforts and the Soviet Collapse
Mikhail Gorbachev's attempts at reform, perestroika and glasnost, were driven by a desire to make socialism live up to its promises and regain the initiative. However, these efforts revealed the systemic problems and limitations of the Soviet system, causing rising expectations and disillusionment among the population. The collapse of the Soviet Union occurred without an all-consuming conflagration, as Gorbachev's reforms unintentionally led to the top-down dismantling of the system.
The history of the collapse of the Soviet Communist regime, and the lessons to found therein.
The written version of this review can be found here (https://theworthyhouse.com/2023/12/13/armageddon-averted-the-soviet-collapse-1970-2000-stephen-kotkin/)