How to Fix the Internet

Why Three is Tor's Magic Number

Jun 4, 2025
Isabela Fernandes, Executive Director of the Tor Project, champions internet freedom and privacy through her work on the decentralized, onion-routing network. She dives into how Tor safeguards user anonymity and its significance beyond just those 'with something to hide.' The discussion highlights the transformative power of free software, the need for accessible websites, and how collaborative innovation can shape a better digital future. Sparking interest in community involvement, she emphasizes that technology should be reshaped together for the greater good.
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INSIGHT

Why Tor Uses Three Servers

  • Tor uses a decentralized network routing connections through three servers, encrypting data at each step to enhance anonymity.
  • Three servers provide optimal privacy and performance, unlike VPNs where data passes through a single server chosen by the user.
INSIGHT

Tor Complements HTTPS Encryption

  • HTTPS encrypts data between the user and website but does not hide user identity from the server.
  • Tor adds a layer of anonymity by protecting the user's identity and blocking surveillance at the network level.
ANECDOTE

Everyday Privacy and Safety Stories

  • Brian uses Tor to protect his teenagers' private searches on sensitive topics to prevent lifelong tracking.
  • Carolina in Uganda uses Tor to safely live her social life anonymously because of the legal risks she faces.
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