237. Marilyn Monroe

Published in 1866, 'Crime and Punishment' is a psychological novel set in St. Petersburg, Russia. It revolves around Rodion Raskolnikov, an impoverished and intellectually gifted former student who formulates a theory that some individuals are morally justified in committing crimes for the greater good of society. Raskolnikov puts this theory to the test by murdering an old pawnbroker and her half-sister, leading to a profound exploration of his psychological and emotional struggles with guilt, paranoia, and the consequences of his actions. The novel delves into socio-economic disparities, moral dilemmas, and the psychology of criminals, making it a classic of Russian literature and existential thought.

The Crucible is a play by Arthur Miller that takes place in the Puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692. The story revolves around the Salem witch trials, where a group of young girls, led by Abigail Williams, accuse several local women of witchcraft. The play delves into themes of fear, hysteria, and the dangers of unchecked power. It is also an allegory for the McCarthyism of the 1950s, drawing parallels between the witch hunts and the Red Scare. The main character, John Proctor, a farmer, is caught in the midst of the trials and must confront his own guilt and the moral decay of the community.

In this seminal work, Richard Hofstadter explores the concept of the 'paranoid style' in American politics, which he defines as a way of seeing and doing politics characterized by heated exaggeration, suspiciousness, and conspiratorial fantasy. The book, which includes the titular essay first published in Harper's Magazine in 1964, delves into historical examples such as the Anti-Masonic Movement, Father Coughlin's antisemitic conspiracies, and the post-McCarthy Right. Hofstadter argues that this style is not exclusive to any one side of the political spectrum and has been a recurring theme throughout American history, influencing political discourse and the behavior of individuals and groups. The book also includes other essays on topics like 'Free Silver and the Mind of 'Coin' Harvey' and 'What Happened to the Antitrust Movement? '

Written by Arthur Miller, 'Death of a Salesman' is a two-act tragedy set in late 1940s Brooklyn. The play revolves around Willy Loman, an aging salesman who grapples with the reality that his American Dream of success and wealth is unattainable. Through a montage of memories, dreams, and arguments, the play explores Willy's consciousness and his inner conflict. Willy's life is marked by poor choices, delusions, and a desperate attempt to secure a better future for his sons through his life insurance policy. The play critiques the American Dream and the superficial values that Willy has adopted, leading to his tragic downfall. The final scene depicts Willy's funeral, attended by only a few people, highlighting the contrast between Willy's illusions and the harsh reality of his life.

Published in 1939, 'The Grapes of Wrath' is a powerful and poignant novel by John Steinbeck. It tells the story of the Joad family, Oklahoma tenant farmers who are forced to leave their home after the devastating effects of the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression. The novel follows their arduous journey along Route 66 to California, where they face numerous hardships, including poverty, exploitation, and the loss of family members. The book explores themes of family, survival, and the struggle for human dignity in the face of overwhelming adversity. It also delves into the broader social and economic issues of the time, highlighting the conflict between the powerful and the powerless. Steinbeck's work is known for its vivid portrayal of the human condition and its impact on American literature and society.

Ulysses is a groundbreaking and complex modernist novel that chronicles the experiences of three Dubliners over a single day. The novel is loosely based on Homer's epic poem 'The Odyssey', with Leopold Bloom paralleling Odysseus, Stephen Dedalus paralleling Telemachus, and Molly Bloom paralleling Penelope. It explores themes such as antisemitism, human sexuality, British rule in Ireland, Catholicism, and Irish nationalism. The novel is known for its innovative use of language and narrative techniques, including stream-of-consciousness and multiple literary styles. It captures the essence of early 20th-century Dublin, providing a detailed snapshot of the city's social, political, and cultural landscape.

In 'Blonde', Joyce Carol Oates presents a sweeping epic that reimagines the life of Norma Jeane Baker, better known as Marilyn Monroe. The novel is a powerful portrait of Hollywood’s myth and the heartbreaking reality of an extraordinary woman. It delves into Norma Jeane’s childhood, her rise to stardom, and her struggles with identity, addiction, and the exploitation she faced in the male-dominated Hollywood of the 1950s and 1960s. The book is a work of fiction, but it is deeply researched and offers a poignant and intimate look at the life of one of the 20th century’s most iconic stars.