Understanding Hyperglycemia in ICU Patients

Stress hyperglycemia is a common occurrence in critically ill patients, often resulting from hormonal responses during acute illness. Cortisol and catecholamines can lead to increased glucose synthesis and decreased utilization, which provides energy during stress but can also result in harmful effects like impaired immune function and longer hospital stays. Notably, interventions such as dextrose administration and steroids complicate glycemic control, contributing to the challenge of managing hyperglycemia while avoiding hypoglycemia. The prevalence of hyperglycemia in ICU patients is significant, with reports indicating that over 50% may experience elevated glucose levels, underscoring the necessity for effective management strategies.